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.com
Volume 4
Toxicology: Open Access
ISSN: 2476-2067
Toxicology Congress 2018
March 12-14, 2018
March 12-14, 2018 Singapore
14
th
World Congress on
Toxicology and Pharmacology
In vivo
characterization of the biochemical and histological changes induced by the stonefish (
Synanceia
verrucosa
) venom in rats
Ahmad M Khalil
1
, Mohammad A Wahsha
2
, Khalid M Abu Khadra
1
, Maroof A Khalaf
2
and Tariq H Al-Najjar
2
1
Yarmouk University, Jordan
2
University of Jordan, Jordan
Statement of the Problem:
The stonefish (
Synanceia verrucosa
) is one of the most dangerous venomous fishes ever known.
Stonefish venom may be life-threatening to humans, envenomation can be quite hazardous, provoking extreme pain and
imposing significant socioeconomic costs, as the victims may require days to weeks to recover from their injuries. Very little
research has been undertaken on marine creatures, particularly venomous fish. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the
toxicity of the stonefish (
S. verrucosa
) venom as well as biochemical and histological changes in a rat model.
Methodology:
Fish samples were collected by SCUBA diving from the northern sites of the Red Sea (Gulf of Aqaba/Jordan).
The crude venom was extracted from the spines and biochemical and histopathological changes induced by intramuscular
injection of the sub lethal dose of the venom of were examined in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Findings:
The 24h LD
50
of the venom was estimated to be 38 μg venom/kg body weight. The levels of the serum biochemical
markers; alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase increased 6 hours after administration and remained
significantly high till 24 hours. Envenomed animals exhibited symptoms like convulsions, muscular dis-coordination and
paralysis, urination and respiratory failure. Envenomation caused massive damage to liver tissues. Similarly, extended
treatment of rats was manifested as interstitial hemorrhage and widening of kidney tubules. Furthermore, the venom caused
neuropathological alterations such as spongiosis of brain tissue and had myotoxic effect on cardiac tissues.
Conclusion & Significance:
The
S. verrucosa
venom contains edema-causing factors and is hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, myotoxic
and neurotoxic to the test rat model. The findings may encourage the health care industry to develop an indigenous anti-venom
related valuable pharmaceutical product.
References
1. Han H, Baumann K, Casewell N R, Ali S A, Dobson J, Koludarov I, Debono J, Cutmore S C, Rajapakse N W, Jackson T
N W, Jones R, Hodgson W C, Fry B G, Kuruppu S (2017) The cardiovascular and neurotoxic effects of the venoms of six
bony and cartilaginous fish species.
Yanagihara AA, ed. Toxins
; 9(2): 67.
2. Subramaniyan A, Saravanamurugan R, Sangeetha P (2016) Haematological and biochemical changes in lionfish (
Pterois
russelii
) venom treated Swiss albino mice.
International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
; 7(1): (B) 83-88.
3. Saravanamurugan R, Subramaniyan A (2015) Neuromuscular modulatory activity of lion fish
Pterois russelii
venom in
mice.
Life Science Archives (LSA)
; 1(4): 233-239.
4. Maghamiour N, Naser Safaie N (2014) High creatine kinase (CK)-MB and lactate dehydrogenase in the absence of
myocardial injury or infarction: A case report.
Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research
; 6(1): 69-70.
5. Gomes H L, Andrich F, Fortes-Dias C L, Perales J, Teixeira-Ferreira A, Vassallo D V, Cruz J S, Figueiredo S G (2013)
Molecular and biochemical characterization of a cytolysin from the
Scorpaena plumieri
(scorpionfish) venom: evidence of
pore formation on erythrocyte cell membrane.
Toxicon
; 74: 92-100.
Biography
Ahmad M Khalil has received his PhD in Cytogenetics from The Ohio State University, USA in 1987. He chaired the Department of Biological Sciences at Yarmouk
University, Jordan (2001-2003). He has founded Biotechnology MSc Program in 2003. In Arabic, he authored a book in radiation biology, a unit in molecular biology,
a chapter in genetics. He has written 35 single-authored scientific articles of general interest. He has published 45 research papers in peer-reviewed international
journals. He has received several awards and fellowships and is active Reviewer and Member in Editorial Board of several local, regional and international journals.
kahmad76@yahoo.comAhmad M Khalil et al., Toxicol Open Access 2018, Volume 4
DOI: 10.4172/2476-2067-C1-005