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Journal of Infectious Diseases & Therapy |ISSN: 2332-0877 | Volume 6
June 25-26, 2018 | Vancouver, Canada
3
rd
International Conference on
2
nd
International Conference on
Infection, Disease Control and Prevention
Microbial Pathogenesis & Infectious Diseases
&
Gut microbiota and Antibiotic resistance
Ivana Haluskova Balter
French society of immunology, France
B
acteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that are resistant to drug cause 700,000 death each year. By 2050 superbugs inured to treatments
could cause up to 10 million deaths annually and costs the global economy US$100 trillion. AMR (antimicrobial) resistance is
regarded nowadays as a major threat to global public health. The issue is receiving high-level political attention (G7 and G20 in 2017
for first time). The list was drawn up in a bid to guide and promote research and development (R&D) of new antibiotics, as part of
WHO’s efforts for AMR (27
th
Feb 2017) Resistance to antibiotics may arise in a population of susceptible bacteria by the accumulation
of mutations (e.g. point mutations in DNA gyrase conferring resistance to quinolones) or by the acquisition of resistance genes that
protect the cell against antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance genes can cause phenotypic resistance through a variety of mechanisms,
including the enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic, the modification of the antibiotic target and the prevention of the accumulation
of lethal intracellular concentrations of the antibiotic through efflux pumps Problem of resistance get worsened due declining number
of new antibiotics and limited number of new classes direct research to look for alternatives. Additionally, antibiotics shape the
ecology of the gut microbiota in profound ways, causing lasting changes to developing and mature microbiotas. The application
of next-generation sequencing has enabled detailed views of the side effects these drugs have on commensal populations during
treatment of infections. The human gut thus harbours a complex microbial ecosystem, which consists of hundreds of species,
collectively termed the gut microbiota. This interaction between microbiota appears to be bidirectional, namely through signaling
from gut-microbiota to brain and from brain to gut-microbiota by means of neural, endocrine, immune, and humoral links. Negative
impact on composition and functionality microbiota given existing immune crosstalk including “innate cell immunity training”
impact host immune response capacities observed in recent research.Imbalances in the gut microbiota can induce inflammation
that is associated also with the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer’s disease. In conclusion, alternative
directions considering strongly their role on host microbiota and immune system modulation should be strongly promoted while
tackling issue of antibiotic resistance.
ivankahhaluskova@gmail.comJ Infect Dis Ther 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C2-042