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Pharma & Clinical Pharmacy Congress 2016
November 07-09, 2016
Volume 5 Issue 4(Suppl) Clin Pharmacol Biopharm
ISSN: 2167-065X CPB, an open access journal
conferenceseries .com
November 07-09, 2016 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
4th International
Pharma & Clinical Pharmacy Congress
Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 2016, 5:4(Suppl)
Molecular mechanism investigation of a novel Ruthenium (II) complex inhibits proliferation of
human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Jianguo Lin, Liubin Guo, Gaochao Lv and Ling Qiu
Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, China
High toxicity acquired resistance and serious side effects, prompting the search for novel compounds for cancer treatment.
Recently, a Ruthenium (II) complex [Ru (p-cymene)(L)Cl2] (L = 1,3-bis(4-(tert-butyl)benzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium
chloride) , which named L-4, has been synthesized and characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects
of L-4 against human esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) cell line EC109. Different methods to determine the apoptotic
pathways triggered by L-4 in EC109 cells were investigated by using flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining, Caspases
activation, mitochondria functioning, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and western-blotting techniques. Results
showed that a dose- and time-dependent reduction occurred in cell viability after exposure to L-4 in EC109 cells. The flow
cytometry analysis showed that L-4 induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in EC109 cells, concomitant to p53 and p21 up-
regulation and Cyclin D1 down-regulation. L-4 also induced ROS-dependent and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in EC109
cells by targeting the glutathione reductase, leading to generation of ROS, Ca2+ overloading, increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, loss
of MMP, release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, and then activation of Caspase-3/-9. Whereas, ROS scavengers, N-acetyl-
L-cysteine, significantly attenuated the effects of L-4 on reduction of cell viabilities, activity of GR, generation of ROS, loss
of MMP, the dysfunction of mitochondria and induction of apoptosis. The preliminary results suggest that the Ruthenium
(II) complex, L-4, inhibits EC109 cells proliferation via blocking cell cycle progression and inducing ROS-dependent and
mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and deserves further investigation as a new chemotherapeutic strategy for patients with
esophageal cancer.
Formulation of hand sanitizer gel using the semi-purified flavonoids from the outer coverings of
the red creole variety of Allium cepa Linn of family Alliaceae
John Paul T Toting, Jemimaiah R Arceo, Romalyn A Joson, Yasmine D L Tobias, Jan Karlo T Ecalne, Cecilia D Santiago and Regina A Jazul
Centro Escolar University, Philippines
This research focuses on the formulation of hand sanitizer gel using the semi-purified flavonoids from the outer coverings
of the Red creole variety of Allium cepa L. fam. Alliaceae. This study utilizes the experimental method of research. The
agar cup diffusion method was used in determining the antibacterial activity of formulation with 40% semi-purified extract as
compared to the two (2) locally available leading hand sanitizer brands. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were utilized as test organisms. The formulation exhibited antibacterial activity against
8 of 10 bacteria used in the experiment, while Brand A exhibited antibacterial activity against 1 of 10 bacteria and brand B
manifested an antibacterial activity against 4 out 10 of bacteria utilized in the microbial assay. Moreover, based on the result
of the primary skin irritation test, the formulation is perceptibly not capable of causing irritation to the skin when applied
topically. The researchers recommends that thorough investigation of the semi-purified flavonoid extract using instrumental
method of analysis and isolation of the pure flavonoid should be conducted in order to determine the specific flavonoid that
exhibits the antibacterial activity.