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Volume 08

Journal of Alzheimers Disease & Parkinsonism

Parkinsons Congress 2018

May 14-15, 2018

May 14-15, 2018 Singapore

4

th

Global Experts Meeting on

Parkinson’s & Movement Disorders

Contribution of optogenetics in mitochondrial dysfunction in parkinson’s disease: A new therapeutic

perspective

Altine Samey Rayhanatou

Semlalia of Marrakech, Morocco

P

arkinson’s disease is a chronic, slowly progressive neurodegenerative condition. It is related to the progressive disappearance

of the dopaminergic neurons of the black substance, essential to the control of the movements of the body. Although the

exact cause of parkinson’s disease remains unknown, evidence from neuroscientific research suggests that mutations in certain

genes, including the gene for parkin and the

PINK1

gene, play an important role in the evolution of parkinson’s disease. These

genes help preserve the activity they exert on the mitochondria, cellular structures responsible to produce energy. Indeed,

mitochondria, power plants must eliminate their protein waste damaged by oxidation. Thus, this mitochondrial process is

coded by these two genes whose products are proteins called cargo because they are responsible for transporting this waste

to the outside of the mitochondria. If this cleaning process is not performed properly, the mitochondrion self-ligates and

the damage to the cell is considerable. And we know that when nerve cells are hungry for energy, we can easily consider the

consequences. As a result, a mutation in these genes causes the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which predisposes

to the onset of parkinson’s disease. Today, we are not unaware that taking oral pharmacological treatment for parkinson’s

disease causes, after a few years, side effects sometimes very disabling. These adverse effects are related to intermittent intake

of L-DOPA. Therefore, finding a solution to this process of neuronal death is one of the main unanswered questions in

parkinson's research: Optogenetics is a technique of genetically modifying cells to make them reactive. Light, represents one

of the emerging and promising strategies that has evolved over the last decade offering a new field of research to expand the

therapeutic arsenal of parkinson’s disease. In the native state, parkin is tightly folded back on itself, making it inactive. It cannot

fulfill her role. To be active, it must undergo a conformational change. The goal of this work is to use optogenetics to activate

parkin and thus prevent the death process of dopaminergic neurons in parkinson’s disease.

rayhanatoualtinsamey@gmail.com

J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 2018, Volume 8

DOI: 10.4172/2161-0460-C2-040