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Volume 7
Biosensors Journal
ISSN: 2090-4967
Electrochemistry 2018
June 11-12, 2018
June 11-12, 2018 | Rome, Italy
4
th
International Conference on
Electrochemistry
S-layer protein lattice as a key component in biosensor development
Bernhard Schuster
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Austria
Statement of the Problem:
Combining biological with electronic components is a very challenging approach because it
allows the design of ultra-small biosensors with unsurpassed specificity and sensitivity. However, many biomolecules lose
their structure and/or function when randomly immobilized on inorganic surfaces. Hence, there is a strong need for robust
self-assembling biomolecules, which attract great attention as surfaces and interfaces can be functionalized and patterned in a
bottom-up approach.
Methodology:
Crystalline cell surface layer (S-layer) proteins, which constitute the outermost cell envelope structure of
bacteria and archaea, are very promising and versatile components in this respect for the fabrication of biosensors. S-layer
proteins show the ability to self-assemble
in-vitro
on many surfaces and interfaces to form a crystalline two-dimensional
protein lattice.
Findings:
The S-layer lattice on the surface of a biosensor becomes part of the interface architecture linking the bioreceptor
to the transducer interface, which may cause signal amplification. The S-layer lattice as ultrathin, highly porous structure
with functional groups in a well-defined spatial distribution and orientation and an overall anti-fouling characteristics can
significantly raise the limit in terms of variety and ease of bioreceptor immobilization, compactness and alignment of molecule
arrangement, specificity, and sensitivity. Moreover, mimicking the supramolecular building principle of archaeal cell envelopes,
comprising of a plasma membrane and an attached S-layer lattice allow the fabrication of S-layer supported lipid membranes. In
the latter, membrane-active peptides and membrane proteins can be reconstituted and utilized as highly sensitive bioreceptors.
Conclusion & Significance:
S-layer proteins bridge the biological with the inorganic world and hence, fulfill key requirements
as immobilization matrices and patterning elements for the production of biosensors. This presentation summarizes examples
for the successful implementation of bacterial S-layer protein lattices on biosensor surfaces in order to give an overview on the
application potential of these bioinspired S-layer protein-based biosensors.
Figure 1:
Selected elements of an S-layer protein-based biosensor for combined electrochemical and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D) measurements.
Bioreceptor (A) immobilized on an S-layer protein lattice (B), which is recrystallized on the gold sensor surface of a QCM-D crystal
Bernhard Schuster, Biosens J 2018, Volume 7
DOI: 10.4172/2090-4967-C1-002