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Volume 3, Issue 1 (Suppl)
Toxicol Open Access
ISSN: 2476-2067 TYOA, an open access journal
Toxicology Congress 2017
April 13-15, 2017
April 13-15, 2017 Dubai, UAE
8
th
World Congress on
Toxicology and Pharmacology
Toxicol Open Access 2017, 3:1 (Suppl)
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2476-2067.C1.003Indicators of repeated oral exposure to lead combined with Cadmium in non-lactating ewes
Sassia Sellaoui
1
, Nadia Boufedda
1
, Amine Boudaoud
1
, Brigitte Enriquez
2
and
Smail Mehennaoui
1
1
University of Batna, Algeria
2
École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, France
L
ead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) pollution co-exists and humans and animals may be co-exposed to both toxics. These heavy
metals are known for their cumulative properties in environment. We have designed our experimental conditions in order to
simulate a repeated low oral exposure and to highlight the toxic effects after lead and lead-Cadmium repeated oral exposure for
nine weeks in ewes. An experiment was conducted using “Ouled Djellal” ewes during two periods: Before exposure, where ewes
are considered as controls and during exposure 10 ewes were randomly divided in two groups of five; the lead group received lead
nitrate at 2.5 mg Pb/kg/day and the lead-Cadmium group received lead nitrate at 2.5 mg Pb/kg/day + Cadmium chloride at 2 mg
Cd/kg/day orally for 63 days. Both groups were tested for their blood lead levels and hematological and biochemical parameters
before and after receiving the treatment. Before exposure, blood lead levels were below the detection limit of 4 μg/l. Blood levels
of lead during 9 weeks of exposure varied from 135±57 μg/l to 356±147 μg/l for the lead group and from 192±75 μg/l to 445±294
μg/l for the co-exposed group. Mean blood lead levels of lead-Cadmium group were more elevated than the ones of the lead
group. The transaminases (ALT, AST) and total proteins are high for the Pb-Cd group during the two last weeks of exposure. The
ratio albumin/globulin is low. The rates of hematocrit and hemoglobin decreased for the Pb-Cd group to reach a value of 24%
and 7.9±0.6 mg/100ml, respectively. The co-administration of Pb and Cd resulted in a significant reduction in zinc and copper
plasma contents and the estimation of toxicokinetic parameters (AUC, Vs, Tmax, Cmax) revealed a greater systemic exposure.
Concentrations of lead and Cadmium were determined in organs. Histopathologic lesions occurred in liver and kidney. ANOVA
was used for statistical analysis.
s.sellaouivet@gmail.com