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Volume 3, Issue 1 (Suppl) Toxicol Open Access
ISSN: 2476-2067 TYOA, an open access journal Toxicology Congress 2017
April 13-15, 2017
Page 24
conferenceseries.com
April 13-15, 2017 Dubai, UAE
8th World Congress on
Toxicology and Pharmacology
Current status andchallenges for toxicologyandriskanalysis in21st Century: Integrating epidemiology
experimental and computational data in real life exposures
Linking xenobiotic chemical exposure to health effects and diseases has been the subject of many experimental and
epidemiological studies, though this issue remains a matter of permanent discussion and controversy. This issue is
complicated by the multiple mechanisms of xenobiotic toxicity often involved, the uncertainties related to long term and low
dose xenobiotic exposure, and the reliable identification of exposed and control groups. Exposure scenarios simulating real
life is a complex issue as effects from multiply chemicals must be considered as a web of interactions that produce variety of
mechanisms of effects and subsequently of health outcomes. In this respect linear –monomodal but also nonlinear effects can
be seen in the range of low and/or high concentrations of exposures. Evaluating exposure effects is considered a multifactorial
task that needs an integrated and systematic approach not only for long term actions but often for acute or sub chronic actions.
Since such evaluations are highly work load and time consuming a sophisticated approach to identify the dominant actions and
effects are in need. Real life is a variability and diversity of exposures the overall effect of which are pending on the certain case.
Chemicals in general have a major impact on human and ecosystem health and highlighting the increasing need for effective
and integrated means of risk assessment and exposure evaluation in human populations and biological ecosystems is crucial.
This is not a trivial task and requires not only biomonitoring and exposure assessment but also combination of risk assessment
with regulatory measures and actions. Harmonization in study methodologies by implementing OECD’s adverse outcome
pathway (AOP) approach and systematic dealing with confounders is required for a better characterization of exposure and
understanding of the effects. Thus, the complex issue of links between chemical exposures and health problems and diseases is
associated with multiple factors that are due to the expanding numbers of the chemical categories being present simultaneously
or sequentially, the variety of mechanisms, mode of actions, adverse outcome pathways and effects involved but also on a large
number of con-founders and also not less important to be encountered susceptibility due to genetics and epigenetics. Several
epidemiological studies but also in vivo and in vitro experimental works showed that big majority of man produced consumer
products even for dietary or life style purposes were found to act as endocrine disruptors, neuro developmental toxicants,
immune toxicants and carcinogens in animals and humans. The general population experiences uncontrolled multi-chemicals
exposure from many different sources at doses around or well below regulatory limits. Therefore, traditional chronic toxicity
evaluations for a single chemical could possibly miss to identify adequately all the risks. For this an experimental methodology
that has the ambition to provide at one strike multi-answers to multi-questions is hereby proposed: a long-term toxicity study
of non-commercial chemical mixtures, consisting of common everyday life chemicals (pesticides, food additives, life-style
products components) at low and realistic dose levels around the regulatory limits and with the simultaneous investigation
of several key endpoints, like genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, target organ toxicity including the heart and systemic
mechanistic pathways, like oxidative stress. In real life, the consumer is exposed to complex mixtures of chemicals via food
and water consumption and via commercial products. Risk assessments, in general, however, focus on individual compounds.
Therefore, the current regulatory approach does not assess overall risk in a highly relevant manner. This study will evaluate the
cumulative toxicity of mixtures of different classes of pesticides alone and mixtures of different classes of pesticides together
Aristides M Tsatsakis, Toxicol Open Access 2017, 3:1 (Suppl)
Aristides M Tsatsakis
University of Crete, Greece