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conferenceseries.com
Volume 4, Issue 5 (Suppl) J Pharmacovigil 2016
ISSN:2329-6887 JP, an open access journal Pharmacovigilance Congress 2016
September 28-30, 2016
September 28-30, 2016 Toronto, Canada
6th Pharmacovigilance Congress
J Pharmacovigil 2016, 4:5 (Suppl)
That’s how you make drugs!
H C Peter Kapitein
Inspire2Live, The Netherlands
The path a drug has to travel from its early beginnings until it reaches the patient is a long one. The entire process is divided into
dozens of stages, possibly even hundreds. No one monitors or takes responsibility for the entire process. However, the patients are
the ones who pay the price. Patients do not really have a say in any of the groups that are involved in bringing a drug to the market.
David Tuveson, a leading pancreatic cancer researcher asked me what the most important thing was that pancreatic cancer patients
had to deal with? My answer was: ‘Pain!’ David’s conclusion; ‘If I can take away the pain I give them six to twelve months more Peter’.
However, nobody apart from David does any research into the pain related to pancreatic cancer. Relevant research and the relevant
drugs and clinical trials that result from them arise through cooperation between patients, physicians, scientists and representatives
of the pharmaceutical industry. Patients will also indicate that the introduction of new medicines takes far too long and can be much
quicker. In conclusion, patients do not need treatments that don’t work or which have horrific side-effects. This is however the effect of
most treatments so far. To date this has involved spending considerable amounts of money, which in most cases has just led to misery.
Listening to and cooperating with patients is not only beneficial for them, but also for the healthcare services and the related costs.
Hypothalamic cytokine as biomembrane stabilizer
Petros Ghazaryan
Institute of Biochemistry-NAS, Armenia
Aim: The aim of the given work was to investigate the membranous aspects of the development of endogenous intoxication
under radiation stress and the possibilities of its correction by studying the changes of the main lipid and protein components of
biomembranes before and after introduction of proline-rich polipeptide-hypothalamic cytokine (HC).
Materials & Methods: The test subjects were Wistar white male rats. The animals were exposed to ionizing irradiation. After 10 days
of the exposure 3 Grey of HC was introduced intraperitoneally for 3 days at a rate of 5 mg per 100 g of animal’s weight.
Results: It is determined that the radiation stress is characterized by considerable metabolic derangements of the main classes
of membranous phospholipids (PL) lymphocytes, thymocytes, and the cells of spleen tissue. Moreover, a double reduction of the
activity of cytoplasmic glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol kinase is observed. At the same time a simultaneous, more than
triple, increase of the activity of phospholipase A2 and of the processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids (POL) is observed. On the
background of considerable (P<0.01) increase of the levels of lysophospholipids, phosphatidic acids and adenosine monophosphate,
a reduction of the content of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylserines, as well as an inhibition of potency of Na/K- and Mg-
ATP in spleen tissue and in blood lymphocytes is observed. After application of HC, a definite normalization of membranous
phosphatidylserines and the activity of enzymes of phosphatidogenesis are observed. On the background of restoration of the content
of adenosine monophosphates and ATP, the activity of ATP system, potency of phospholipase A2 and processes of POL is almost
totally normalized. Possible mechanisms of development of endogenous intoxication under the radiation stress and its correction
under the action of HC are being discussed.