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Volume 6, Issue 1 (Suppl) Clin Microbiol
ISSN: 2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal Microbiology & Mycotoxins 2017
February 27-28, 2017
February 27-28, 2017 Amsterdam, Netherlands
7th Euro Global Summit on
Clinical Microbiology and Mycotoxins
Clinical findings after indoor micro-fungal and trichothecene exposure
Irene H Grant, Jack D Thrasher and Jake Geller
New York Medical College, USA
Trichothecenes (Ts) remain toxic despite disinfection, bind dust, damage skin/mucosa/phagocytes/neurons. Monitoring 45
patients (adults, children, embryos) exposed to 18 Ts-contaminated indoor-environments, fungal IgGs, urine mycotoxins (MCTs)
[Ts, ochratoxin (OTA), aflatoxin (A)], immune parameters (neutrophils, lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and
subclasses), immunosuppressant medications, nutritional deficiencies (protein, Vitamin D, zinc), genetic MTHFR single-nucleotide-
polymorphisms C677T&A1298C, environmental contamination severity (ECS), hazardous activity severity (HAS), exposure duration
(ED) and clinical findings were rated sorting by disease severity (DS). Bio-statistical analysis correlated DS, ECS, HAS and ED by
using Pearson correlation coefficients. Aspergillus/Penicillium (A/P) detected in all 18 Ts-contaminated environments (56% A. niger ),
Chaetomium 94%, Stachybotrys (St) 67%, Mucor 61%, Alternaria 44% and 33% P. brevicompactum. None had Fusarium. Patient
outcomes were: Disabled 54% (23% permanently), neurologic 67% (female predominance), ear/nose/throat 30%, pulmonary 21%
(male predominance) and dermatologic 12%. IgG titers: A/P+93% (91% of the moderately-to-extremely ill, females predominant).
None of the mildly-ill had elevated A. fumigatus IgG, P-IgG titers+86% (P. notatum/P. chrysogenum 74% tested); St 59% (St-IgG+61%
and St-IgA+22% of the moderate-extremely-ill and none of the mildly-ill). Phoma, Trichoderma IGGs were elevated and more in
males; A. fumigatus IgG, A antigen EIA and P. notatum IGG were more in females. Urinary MCTs (91% tested): detectable Ts 97%
(trace 38%, elevated 46%); 31% OTA, 6% A. All extremely-ill excreted Ts; none excreted A. Higher Ts predominated in females (46%
vs. 24%), trace inmales (38% vs. 18%). Overall, disease severity strongly correlated with ECS (p=0.00000001) and HAS (p=0.0000001).
Surprisingly, ED had insignificant correlation. The strongest DS vs. ECS predictors were mucosal injury (p=0.00000003), any detection
of urinary Ts (p=0.0000001) and the development of fungal IGGs (p=.0000009). DS also strongly correlated with HAS, particularly
with genetic MTHFR detoxification defects (p=0.00000008).
Biography
Irene H Grant is an Infectious Disease Specialist trained by Donald Armstrong at Memorial Sloan Kettering. She is a Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at NY
Medical College. She has a large practice of treating mold-exposure illness. She is an Albert Einstein College of Medicine graduate. She is knowledgeable and
experienced in the complexities and limitations in microbiologic diagnostic Mycological testing, Microbiology-Mycology reporting, as well as the failure on the part
of physicians to request the Microbiology and/or Pathology Laboratories to perform non-routine specialty studies.
Irene H Grant et al., Clin Microbiol 2017, 6:1(Suppl)