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Volume 6, Issue 4 (Suppl)
J Material Sci Eng, an open access journal
ISSN: 2169-0022
Materials Congress 2017
June 12-14, 2017
June 12-14, 2017 Rome, Italy
Materials Science and Engineering
9
th
World Congress on
Fundamental limitations and development perspectives of quantum nanoelectronics
Konstantin Yu Arutyunov
1, 2
1
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia
2
Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems, RAS, Russia
O
ver several decades the tendency for miniaturization of micro- (or nanoelectronic) components has followed the Moore's law:
doubling of the number of elements per chip over each 18 months. However, nowadays all authorities come to conclusion that
the progress in miniaturization of commercial nanoelectronic circuits will come to saturation very quickly (in 2017-2019), based on
different estimations. Typically, two main reasons are provided. First, is purely technical: the dramatic increase of energy dissipation
per unit volume of a processor. Second problem is of fundamental origin: below a certain size limit (rough estimation ~10 nm) the
electron transport does not follow the laws of classic physics, but is rather described by quantum mechanics. The behavior of an
ultra-small system (e.g. transistor) becomes qualitatively different from behavior of a "classic" (macroscopic) device. Some potential
solution of the first problem might be the rejection of CMOS technology and utilization of superconducting materials in critical
elements of the circuit. However, contrary to the first problem, the second one does not have a solution in foreseen future. All solid
conductors like metals, semiconductors or superconductors (the last being already by the very nature the macroscopic quantum
objects) - below certain scales exhibit various quantum size effects. Those quantum size phenomena dramatically alter properties of
electric conductors: with reduction of electric conductivity and transition to insulating state being a typical manifestation. Obviously
the mentioned size limitations should be carefully taken into account in designing ultra-small nanolectronic devices of the next
generation. However, beside the negative influence, quantum effects can be used for building the qualitatively new generation
of nanoelectronic devices essentially based on quantum physics: e.g. qubits - elements of quantum logic, to be used in quantum
information and processing systems. Utilization of such quantum devices opens up qualitatively new horizons for such disciplines
as informatics, telecommunication, metrology and computing. In addition to applications in such crucial fields as space and defense
industry, national security, quantum nanoelectronics opens-up new fields of research in basic studies. Quantum nanoelectronics
cross-fertilize interdisciplinary links between subjects like linguistic and quantum cryptography, brain research and quantum
informatics. Here, we outline the mentioned technical and fundamental limitations for miniaturization of nanoelectronic elements,
as well as suggest certain alternatives for the field development.
karutyunov@hse.ruJ Material Sci Eng 2017, 6:4(Suppl)
DOI: 10.4172/2169-0022-C1-068