influenza-2016_posters-accepted-abstracts

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Volume 4, Issue 6(Suppl) J Infect Dis Ther
ISSN: 2332-0877 JIDT, an open access journal
Page 67
Influenza 2016
September 12-13, 2016
conferenceseries.com
Influenza
September 12-13, 2016 Berlin, Germany
2nd International Conference on
J Infect Dis Ther 2016, 4:6(Suppl)
Impact of Umifenovir use on the reduction secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza
Irina Leneva1, Falynskova I N1, Leonova E I1, Selkova E P2 and Maleev V V 3
1I.Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Russia
2Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russia
3Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Russia
Pneumonia often occurs secondary to influenza infection and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality
associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug umifenovir (Arbidol) is licensed in Russia for
treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infection including influenza A and B infection. In the present study, we investigated
the efficacy of umifenovir or oseltamivir in a mouse model of secondary S. aureus pneumonia following A/California/04/2009
(H1N1) influenza virus infection. We also performed a clinical study on the effectiveness of umifenovir in reducing flu-associated
pneumonia. Experiments in mice showed that oral treatment with oseltamivir (20 mg/kg/day) and umifenovir (40 and 60 mg/kg/day)
improved survival in mice from 0% to 90%, significantly prolonged survival and abolished weight loss. The treatments also inhibited
virus titer by ≥2 logs and viable bacterial counts in the lungs of mice. The lungs of mice treated with oseltamivir or umifenovir showed
less-severe histopathologic findings compared to the control group. The observation case-control clinical study was set up in season
2010/2011 and 2014/2015 and included 5287 patients admitted to 88 hospitals with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) from 50
regions of the Russian Federation. The analysis showed that in high-risk groups of patients the incidence of bacterial complications
(pneumonia) was higher than the average for the study population. Our observational studies suggest the benefit of early umifenovir
treatment (i.e., within 48 hours after illness onset) in reducing pneumonia incidence in high-risk patients.
Minimal requirements for high virulence of non-H5/H7 avian influenza viruses
Jutta Veits, Siegfried Weber, El-Sayed M Abdelwhab and Thomas C Mettenleiter
Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Germany
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are classified as either low pathogenic (LP) or highly pathogenic (HP) due to their virulence in
chickens. Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) exhibit a polybasic cleavage site (PCS) within the hemagglutinin
(HA) protein and therefore the HA can be cleaved and activated by ubiquitous proteases causing severe systemic disease with high
lethality. Naturally occurring HPAIV have always been of subtype H5 or H7 with very rare exceptions. Recently we showed that
HPAIV can be created with other HA subtypes exhibiting an artificial PCS in a H5 HPAIV background and the introduction of a
PCS within the HA in the parental background was not sufficient. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the minimal
requirement for exhibiting a highly pathogenic phenotype of non-H5/H7 LPAI viruses. Reverse genetics systems were established for
LPAIV strains H4N6 and H8N4. Reassortants of LPAIV HA with artificial PCS and gene segments of a H5N1 HPAIV were generated
and the virulence was ascertained in SPF chickens. In summary, the HPAIV H5N1 nucleoprotein (NP), neuraminidase (NA) and
the matrix protein (M) segments conferred increased virulence. Whereas the impact on virulence of the NA and M gene segments
differed, the NP gene of H5 HPAIV increased virulence in both H4 and H8 backgrounds. Furthermore, the impact of single NP
amino acids was assessed.