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Volume 5, Issue 2 (Suppl) J Infect Dis Ther 2017
ISSN: 2332-0877, JIDT an open access journal Infection Congress 2017
May 11-12, 2017
May 11-12, 2017 Barcelona, Spain
4th International Congress on
Infectious Diseases
Cholera outbreak among residents of Bunyala in Busia county 2016
Oscar Gaunya
Busia County Referral Hospital, Kenya
Background: Cholera is an acute enteric infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae of sero-groups 01 or 0139. It is water
borne disease of public health importance with an estimated number of three to five million cases annually and 100,000 to 150,000
deaths yearly. Outbreaks are linked to consumption of unsafe water and food, poor hygiene and sanitation. Overflowing of latrines
and contamination of wells and surface water, seasonal modification of water sources for consumption and human behavior may
play a role in the occurrence of cholera outbreaks. Failure to control local outbreaks and prevention of between-region transmission
could result in spread of cholera outbreaks to neighbouring regions or countries. The latest cholera outbreak in Bunyala Busia county
is dated between 21st February to 11th March 2016. Though on the 1st January 2017, there were five confirmed cases reported in
Uganda (Lumino village) who sought treatment at our County Referral Hospital Busia being at the boarder & then later transferred
back to Uganda for further management. Cholera is one of the three diseases requiring notification to WHO under the International
Health Regulations.
Aim: Aim of this study was to describe cholera outbreak by time, person and place.
Methodology: We conducted retrospective analysis of line lists obtained from county disease surveillance coordinator in Busia
county. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results: In 2016, 52 villages in Bunyala sub-county and one village in Samia sub-county reported cholera outbreaks with a total of
107 cases including six deaths. This gave an overall case fatality rate of 5.6% exceeding the mean CFR of 1% which is acceptable by
WHO. Out of the 53 villages, Khainga recorded the highest number of cases nine (8.4%), Lunyofu six (5.6%), Siginga six (5.6%) and
Khukunda five (4.6%). The age specific attack rate was highest among individuals 14 years of age and above 62 (58%), 5-14 years 32
(29%) and below five years at 13 (12%). Females were the most affected than males at 59 (55%) and 48 (45%) cases respectively. The
epidemiological curve showed peaks on the 4th Feb (18 cases) and 6th (10 cases).
Conclusion: Our study showed a cholera outbreak that grew in magnitude and spread to involve Bunyala North, West and Magombe
central in Bunyala sub-county. It also showed potential endemicity of cholera in the villages bordering water bodies i.e., Khainga,
Siginga, Lunyofu and Khukunda. Therefore, there is a need for a harmonized, coordinated approach to cholera outbreaks through
effective surveillance and response with emphasis on training and motivating frontline healthcare workers towards timely detection
and response as well as proper documentation.
Biography
Oscar Guania is an expertise in emerging infectious diseases department working in Busia County Referral Hospital, Kenya
Oscar Gaunya, J Infect Dis Ther 2017, 5:2 (Suppl)