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Volume 7, Issue 3 (Suppl)
Otolaryngol (Sunnyvale), an open access journal
ISSN:2161-119X
Head, Neck and Plastic Surgery 2017
June 19-20, 2017
June 19-20, 2017 Philadelphia, USA
5
th
Global Summit and Expo on
Head, Neck and Plastic Surgery
Otolaryngol (Sunnyvale) 2017, 7:3 (Suppl)
DOI: 10.4172/2161-119X-C1-017
Submandibular gland transfer: Prevention of post-treatment xerostomia in oropharyngeal cancer
patients
Ryan H Sobel
1
,
2
1
Johns Hopkins Head & Neck Surgery-Greater Baltimore Medical Center, USA
2
Milton J. Dance Jr. Head and Neck Center at GBMC, USA
O
ropharyngeal cancers are on the rise globally. Of late, many innovations have been applied to optimally treat this complex
cohort of patients. A multidisciplinary treatment approach is crucial in meeting the complex needs of patients with head
and neck disease as well as optimizing oncologic and functional outcomes. In particular, the application of transoral robotic
surgery (TORS), a minimally-invasive, robotic-assisted surgical procedure, to the treatment paradigm has revolutionized the
surgical approach, reducing long-term dysfunction. It offers a faster return to day-to-day activities; significantly less morbidity,
less complications, scarring and risk of infection and reduced risk of long-term swallowing problems. In these cases, adjuvant
radiation is often indicated. For patients with tumors precluding an upfront surgical approach, primary chemoradiation is an
effective treatment. One of the most troubling sequalae from radiation treatment is xerostomia. This is a largely irreversible
change that leads to the development of new medical problems that significantly affect quality of like. Submandibular gland
transfer is a novel approach for preservation of salivary function in the prevention of post-radiation xerostomia. It is a relatively
minor surgical procedure that when performed prior to radiation treatment can significantly improve quality of life. This has
significant implications on patients swallowing function and oral comfort level during and post-treatment. Advances in other
types of treatment techniques are currently in development which may have a major impact on how cancer patients are treated
in the future.
rsobel@gbmc.orgVowel category formation in Korean-English bilingual children
Sue Ann Lee
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, USA
O
ne of the long-standing theoretical issues in bilingualism is whether bilingual children develop one or two linguistic
systems in the learning of their respective languages. The one-system hypothesis suggests that children initially posit
linguistic rules common to both languages; then they differentiate the two as they master higher linguistic knowledge. The
two-system hypothesis, on the other hand, holds that children in bilingual environments differentiate both systems at an
early age and those children are capable of keeping the two linguistic systems separate as these develop. Though the one-
system hypothesis has been challenged on both methodological and empirical grounds, most research on this issue has dealt
with the lexical, syntactic and phonological domains but whether bilingual children develop one or two distinct phonetic
systems has not been fully explored. My colleague and I have investigated phonetic category formation in Korean-English
bilingual children and found that phonetic category of stop consonant changes as durations of exposure of two languages
increases. During this presentation, I will present English and Korean vowel data produced by 57 Korean-English bilingual
children at 3, 5, 7 and 10 years of age as compared to 60 monolingual English or 60 Korean children. We found developmental
patterns and multi-dimensional representation of phonetic categories between vowels and stops. Specifically, 3 and 5 year-olds
distinguished vowels but not the stop categories of Korean and English whereas 7 and 10 year-olds distinguished both vowels
and stops. Results suggest that the phonetic systems of bilingual children continue to evolve during the developmental process
and that bilingual children require different durations of exposure per speech category in order to establish detailed phonetic
categories across languages.
sueann.lee@ttuhsc.edu