climate-2018-keynote

10 / 10

Page 51
Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change | ISSN: 2157-7617 | Climate 2018 | Volume: 9
5th World Conference on
May 23-24, 2018 | New York, USA
Climate Change and Global Warming
Notes:
A review of heat stroke and its complications in rabbit's productivity and performance
S till, there is a wide gap between meat demand and production in Egypt. Moreover, the cost of feed stuff is very high due
to the land-locked situation which leads to an increase in the cost of livestock production. In this context; rabbits provide
a new avenue for meat production and could play a major role in enhancing the supply of animal protein. In Egypt, rabbits
breeding farms is expanding; this is mainly attributable to the rabbit’s high rate of reproduction, genetic selection potentials,
rapid growth rate, early maturity, efficient feed utilization and high value of meat. However, the most obvious limitation to
rabbit production in Egypt as an example for south Mediterranean region is hot waves during the summer time, especially
during the last two decades. Another limitation is the susceptibility of this species to acclimate with environmental stress. Heat
stress mainly occurs when animals are exposed to high ambient temperatures, high humidity, low wind speed, and high direct
and indirect solar radiation. The thermo-neutral zone (TNZ) temperature n for rabbits is around 18–21°C. Therefore, in south
Mediterranean region, the high temperature or heat stress, hinder the success of rabbit farming, as it leads to a significant
reduction in the daily weight gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency. Similarly, the milk yield of does maximized at 15°C
ambient temperature was reduced by 7.7g milk/1°C rise in the temperature. Within 25-28°C of ambient temperature, rabbits
decrease their feed consumption and require more digestible energy. At 30°C, the average feed consumption was reported to be
decreased by 30% and growth was affected as well. Furthermore, disturbances in feed intake, feed utilization, water metabolism,
blood parameters, enzymatic reactions, and hormonal secretions. In addition, protein, energy and mineral imbalances had
been also reported to be disrupted in heat-stressed rabbits. The possible way to improve rabbit's productivity is improving heat
new breeds that genetically able to be acclimatized with heat stress. Nutritional requirement and/or hygienic conditions are also
recommended as helpful solutions. From another perspective, the effects of heat stress on rabbit's immune response has been
extensively discussed in the last two decades showing how the thymus weight decreased and circulating T lymphocyte counts
were declined. Other studies, also reported that heat stress directly affects the immune system cells, decreasing the number of
viable cells and the number of receptors on the immune cells surface reducing the proliferative capacity of lymphocyte and the
neutrophil function. Also, inhibiting the differentiation of B lymphocytes into antibody-secreting cells as well as decreasing
immunoglobulin and cytokines production and increasing in heat-shock proteins synthesis by lymphocytes. Finally, it could
be concluded that rabbit may be grown in hot climates, but with low high anticipated low productive and reproductive
performance. Therefore, we recommend that applying rabbit breeding programs as a suitable solution for producing suitable
breeds to be grown in hot climates.
Biography
Manal M Zaki is a Professor of Animal Hygiene and Management at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. She is currently the Advisory and
Manager of Veterinary Quality Control and Diagnosis Laboratory in SPF project, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt and the Technical
Adviser and the Executive Director of the united company Covalent for livestock development.
Manal M Zaki
Cairo University, Egypt
Manal M Zaki, J Earth Sci Clim Change 2018, Volulme: 9
DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617-C1-038