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Volume 9
Journal of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy
ISSN: 2165-7904
Page 12
March 18-19, 2019 | Rome, Italy
&
JOINT EVENT
3
rd
World Congress on
Diabetes and Obesity
12
th
International Conferences on
Childhood Obesity and Nutrition
Childhood Obesity 2019
Diabetes Conference 2019
March 18-19, 2019
Angelo Michele Carella, J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2019, Volume 9
DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904-C1-089
Angelo Michele Carella
"T. Masselli-Mascia" Hospital, San Severo (Foggia) - Italy
Circulating micro-RNAs in obese and diabetic patients: What meaning?
M
icroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA sequences synthesized in the cell nucleus, through a complex multi-
step biosynthetic process starting from RNA polymerase II; it is estimated that the human genome contains more
than 2500 mature miRNAs.miRNAs regulate a wide range of biological processes as cell differentiation, proliferation and
development, cell-to-cell communication, cell metabolism and apoptosis. miRNAs seem also regulate insulin signaling,
immune-mediated inflammation, adipokine expression, adipogenesis, lipidmetabolism, and food intake.There is evidence
that miRNAs may have a role in molecular mechanisms linked to cellular pathways of some diseases, as viral infections,
cancer, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. The recent discovery of circulating miRNAs easily detectable and
measurable in plasma and other body fluids, led to the hypothesis of their potential role as disease indicators.Altered
circulating levels of several miRNAs were found to be linked to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both at onset and in advanced
disease. At least 12 circulating miRNAs were found consistently dysregulated in type 1 diabetes mellitus and, more or less,
40 circulatingmiRNAs in type 2 diabetic patients. miR-126 seems to be miRNAmost linked to pathways and development
of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and their complications.
Dysregulation of severalmiRNAs involves different aspects of diabetic disease: glycemic control, residual beta cell function,
insulin secretion and sensitivity, micro- and macro-vascular complications, particularly endothelial dysfunction, renal
disease and retinopathy. Altered expression and dysregulation of circulating miRNAs are confirmed to correlate to obesity
and its related diseases; a broad panel of circulating miRNAs is involved as miR-17-5p, -132, -140-5p, -142-3p, -222,
-532-5p, -125b, -130b, -221, -15a, -423-5p, -520c-3p. Although different levels of several circulating miRNA were found
significantly associated with weight gain, most of the data concern comorbidities and complications of obesity as insulin
resistance, pre-diabetes, diabetes (miR-15b, -138, -376a and -503 particularly), lipid metabolism alterations, adipogenesis
dysregulation (miR-143 and -221) and inflammatory processes. Moreover, several evidences were obtained in obese
children (miR-122 and -199a) and some data in newborns and maternal pre-gestational and gestational obesity (miR-
122, -324-3p, -375, -652 and -625); the expression of some miRNAs differs in infants born to obese women compared
with infants born to lean women then changes in miRNA expression might participate in epigenetic fetal programming
of metabolic disorders in children born to obese women.
In obese children, miR-486, -146b and -15b might be useful in predicting future risk of type 2 diabetes. Circulating
early-mid-pregnancy miRNAs are associated with gestational diabetes, particularly in women who are overweight pre-
pregnancy. At last, significant down-regulation of several and different miRNAs was observed in overweight/obese
subjects after low or high glycemic index diet and after low-fat diet; moreover, circulating miRNAs might be potential
novel biomarkers for the benefits of bariatric surgery and the effects of mild exercise, in predicting improvements in