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Volume 8 Journal of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy
ISSN: 2165-7904 Childhood Obesity 2018
March 15-16, 2018
March 15-16, 2018 | Barcelona, Spain
11th International Conference on
Childhood Obesity and Nutrition
Early predictors of incipient metabolic syndrome in an Arab population
Waseem Samsam1, Noora Al Rasheid2, Shaika Al Sowaidi1, Amal Bashraheel1, Abeer Seyam1, Mohammed AlSayrafi1, Pasquale Vito1, 3 and Vidya
Mohamed-Ali1
1Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Qatar
2University College London, UK
3Università del Sannio, Italy
Background: Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of abnormal metabolic factors that directly increase the risk for
type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. In the Gulf Cooperation Council region, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome
in the population is higher than in most developed countries, with generally greater rates for women, often higher than 40%.
Thus, early clinical identification of patients is important to adequately implement treatments to reduce their risk of subsequent
metabolic disease.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that in sedentary subjects, post-prandial hyperinsulinemia, despite
normal levels of glucose, is an indicator of incipient diabetes. Further this lesion is associated with markers of adipose and
hepatic dysfunction.
Methods: 42 apparently clinically healthy residents of Qatar were studied. After a 10-hour overnight fast, subjects underwent
a detailed clinical assessment, including body composition by bio-impedance, anthropometry measurements (height,
weight and BMI), and blood pressure. A liquid mixed meal was administered (200 ml of 18 g proteins, 17.4 g fats and 40 g
carbohydrates: total energetic value of 400 kcal) and blood sampling carried out prior to and 30 and 120 minutes after the
meal. The study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee and all subjects provided written informed
consent prior to participation. Fasting serum levels of lipids {high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL),
total cholesterol, and triglycerides}; liver function markers [gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),
alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), albumin (ALB)]
and; plasma glucose, insulin and pro-insulin were also determined. HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model of assessment-insulin
resistance) was calculated using the following formula: (fasting insulin in mIU/L*fasting glucose in mmol/L)/22.5. Serum
levels of leptin and adiponectin were measured using human 2-site ELISAs. All inter- and intra-assay CVs were less than 10%.
Results: There was no difference in age, blood pressure and body composition between the two groups. However, 48% of
this population showed hyperinsulinemia in the fasting state, as well as relative hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and
hyperproinsulinemia 2 hours after the meal challenge. Systemic lipids and markers of liver function were comparable between
the groups. Leptin was elevated in the hyperproinsulinemia group (26.1 ng/ml versus 20.9 ng/ml), this did not reach to
significance. However, adiponectin was significantly lower in this cohort (5.8 mcg/ml versus 8.5 mcg/ml, P=0.002). Significant
correlations were apparent between fasting insulin concentration and height, measures of body fat as well as muscle mass. In
addition, fasting insulin also correlated significant with SBP, as well as all measures of glucose and HOMA-IR. Interestingly
fasting insulin also correlated positively and significantly with liver enzymes. Inverse, but significant, association was found
between insulin with HDL-C and adiponectin. Most of these relationships were lost in the postprandial state.
Conclusions: Thus, these data indicate that post prandial hyperinsulinemia and decreased adiponectin levels should be
considered in the plethora of the altered biochemical parameters that define the metabolic syndrome. More importantly, since
these biochemical alterations occur in seemingly healthy residents, they may well be considered early biomarkers of incipient
metabolic syndrome. The reason for this lesion in a young and healthy population is likely to be the consequence of a sedentary
lifestyle. Exercise and training can improve both insulin resistance and increase adiponectin and should be actively advocated
for this population.
Biography
Waseem Samsam is a Physician and working in anti-doping lab Qatar for four years in Life Science and Research department. His field is more about the
physiological studies for diabetes and pre-diabetes status.
Waseem Samsam et al., J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2018, Volume 8
DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904-C1-057