breast-cancer-2016_posters-accepted-abstracts

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Volume 8, Issue 8(Suppl) J Cancer Sci Ther
ISSN: 1948-5956 JCST, an open access journal
Page 111
Breast Cancer Congress 2016
September 19-21, 2016
conferenceseries.com
Breast Cancer September 19-21, 2016 Phoenix, USA
2nd World Congress on
A literature review of breast cancer screening barriers among Arab American women
Sarah Alkhaifi
University of California, USA
Background: Immigrants of ethnic minorities are the most likely to be diagnosed with advanced breast cancer (BC), and they
subsequently have a higher mortality rate than nonimmigrant women. Despite facing this risk of BC, women from ethnic
minority groups, such as Arab American women (AAW), are less likely to participate in breast cancer screening (BCS).
Purpose: This integrative literature review is to provide an overview of BCS barriers among AAW.
Methods: Online searches conducted on PubMed, CINAH, Google Scholar and PsycINFO, for articles dating from 2005 to
2015. Some of the keywords used: Arab American, mammogram, BCS, knowledge, attitude, and culture. Fifteen studies met
the inclusion criteria which are (1) studies that exclusively or partially consisted of AAW participants; (2) research that studied
AAW’s attitudes or practices toward BCS; and (3) studies that were written in English.
Findings & Conclusion: BCS barriers among AAW are divided into four main categories that are further subdivided into
subcategories, including socio-cultural barriers (family, stigma, and modesty); psychological (fatalism, perceived susceptibility,
and fear); organizational barriers (language issues, health care system navigation difficulties, health care provider (HCP)
preferences, and physicians’ recommendations); and structural barriers (lack of health insurance, transportation issues, and
distance of the facilities). Some BCS barriers, including fatalism and family relationships, were also found to be facilitators for
some AAW to obtain BCS. The studies contradicted one another as to whether modesty was a BCS barrier. Acculturation and
religiosity are one of possible explanations for results contradiction which need consideration in future research.
J Cancer Sci Ther 2016, 8:8(Suppl)
Mathematical identification of isolated clustered micro-calcifications based on the distribution of
effective atomic number in the mammary gland
V A Gorshkov1, N I Rozhkova2 and S P Prokopenko2
1Russian Space Research Institute, Russia
2Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute, Russia
The goal of this work was to improve the efficiency of early detection of micro-calcifications, the earliest indicators of breast
cancer. Studies have shown that the presence of isolated clustered micro-calcifications in the mammary gland significantly
increases the range of variation of effective atomic number and significantly changes the form of its distribution. Isolated
micro-calcifications may not be visible at neither traditional neither difference, neither dividing mammograms, neither at the
distribution of their linear convex combination. However, the fact of its presence in the mammary gland can be set analytically
by the form of the distribution of the effective atomic number. The distribution of the effective atomic number in the tissue
without micro-calcifications is symmetrical and close to normal law. But breast with isolated clustered micro-calcifications
is characterized by asymmetry and high values of the maximum effective atomic number. The coordinates of the location of
isolated micro-calcifications can be calculated mathematically.