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conferenceseries.com
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Suppl) J Biotechnol Biomater
ISSN: 2155-952X JBTBM, an open access journal Biomaterials 2017
March 27-28, 2017
2nd Annual Conference and Expo on
March 27-28, 2017 Madrid, Spain
J Biotechnol Biomater 2017, 7:2 (Suppl)
Bioceramics from calcium orthophosphates
Sergey V Dorozhkin
Strasbourg University, Russia
Various types of grafts have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960’s, a strong interest was raised in
studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. Abit later, such synthetic biomaterials were called
bioceramics. In principle, bioceramics can be prepared from diverse materials, but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate-
based formulations only, which possess the specific advantages due to the chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth.
During the past 40 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development
of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to
form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to
choose whether the calcium orthophosphate-based implants remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure
or whether they were resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed
and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now calcium orthophosphate scaffolds are
designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are often porous and harbor different biomolecules and/or
cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include bone augmentations, artificial bone
grafts, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, periodontal disease repairs and bone fillers after tumor surgery. Perspective future
applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes, because calcium orthophosphates appear to be promising
carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides and various types of cells.
Nanolipoblockers: Biomaterial therapeutics aimed at the ground zero of atherosclerosis and heart disease
Prabhas V Moghe
Rutgers University, USA
Statement of the Problem: The uncontrolled accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) within the walls of blood
vessels, called atherosclerosis, lies at the core of cardiovascular diseases and causes a staggering toll on adult mortality and rising
health care costs.
Methodology & Innovation: Biomaterials as anti-atherosclerotic therapeutics for inhibiting cholesterol accumulation and the
related inflammation. A generation of unimers whose surface features such as surface anionic density; amphiphilicity; and nanoscale
architecture can be systematically varied was designed. Competitive binding to scavenger receptors was used as a key mechanism of
action. Serum-stable nanoparticles were fabricated from the unimers using flash nanoprecipitation and the NLB nanoparticles were
administered in vivo to treat the progression of atherosclerosis.
Findings & Conclusions: We report that assemblies of such nanolipoblockers (NLBs) can systematically block the scavenger
receptor molecules that traffic highly oxidized LDL into macrophages and inhibit the resulting atherogenic phenotype. In parallel,
a multimodal strategy of depleting cellular cholesterol was examined by using the NLBs as drug delivery carriers in vivo. The NLBs
lowered intimal levels of accumulated cholesterol and inhibited macrophage retention relative to non-treated controls. A number of
more recent project directions, including studies of molecular mechanisms of action, design of more stable nanoparticle formulations
of the NLBs, and emergent pathways for translational medicine will also be highlighted in this talk.