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Volume 6, Issue 6(Suppl) J Biotechnol Biomater
ISSN: 2155-952X JBTBM, an open access journal
Page 21
Bio Summit & Molecular Biology 2016
October 10-12, 2016
conferenceseries.com
October 10-12, 2016 Dubai, UAE
2nd World Congress on
Bio Summit & Molecular Biology Expo
Giuseppe Mucci, J Biotechnol Biomater 2016, 6:6(Suppl)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells from potential risk of tumor to specific anti-tumor therapy
The use of expanded mesenchymal stem cells followed a path of its own, peculiar but not unique in medical history. Over less
than ten years, it went from being negatively labelled as potentially tumorigenic, to being positively hailed as a candidate
for new antitumor therapies in the near future. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are indeed among the main candidates for
the treatment of specific malignant tumors thanks to their intrinsic immunomodulation and antitumor capabilities. One of
their most interesting features is the tropism directed against the tumor itself, supporting the transport of antitumor agents
and genes directly into the tumor site. Before the scientific community officially acknowledged such capabilities and their
potential in anticancer therapies, over the last decade several researchers have doubted the biological safety of expanded MSC.
New studies later confirmed the antitumor effectiveness of MSC, which is particularly significant against specific tumors. Such
feature, which obviously requires further investigation, depends on the source of origin of MSC, on the dose used, on the stage
and on the nature of the tumor itself Obviously, identifying and selecting the tumors more responsive to MSC treatments is the
key for a successful cellular therapy. Genetic studies have recently shown the existence of tumor-specific markers which can
be used to identify the types of tumors that can be treated with MSC. Some genetic markers can be used to effectively monitor
the response to some treatments (EGFR, BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, BRCA2, melanoma, lung, breast and colon-rectal cancer) and
the potential onset of post-therapy resistance, thus allowing the development of specific antitumor therapies through stem
cells.Besides, MSC can be modified to express or release multiple antitumor agents, thus overcoming the limitations linked
to the half-life and the biological transformation typical of many chemotherapy drugs. This is why MSC have been tested as
vectors for a more selective delivery of therapeutic agents such as p53 gene, oncolytic viruses, chemotherapy drugs or specific
cellular factors, such as pigment epithelium-derived factors, interleukin 12 and interferon beta. Many of these therapies release
substances and induce the death of the vector cell, thus reducing complications linked to stem cells mutation. If the death of the
cell can not be induced, it is possible to introduce suicide genes which will cause the cell to kill itself. Even if details still need to
be fully defined, the tropism of MSC against tumors clearly involves multiple chemokine-receptor pairs. So, MSC can suppress
metastasis and inhibit tumor progression by regulating the expression of cancer suppressor genes, inducing cell cycle arrest,
inhibiting angiogenesis, and stimulating the action of Natural Killer cells and of the molecules controlling cellular renewal and
differentiation.
Biography
Giuseppe Mucci has graduated in Movement Science at Faculty of Medicine in Urbino, Italy. He is a Professor of Bio-Economy at the University of Lugano,
Switzerland and Advisory Board Member of the University Roma Tor Vergata. He has established Bioscience Institute in San Marin, Italy in 2006 and Bioscience
Clinic in Dubai UAE in 2013, those facilities are Regenerative Medicine compound (Cell Factory and Clinic) specialized in autologous Stem Cells Therapies. In 2014
he created the University spin-off Bioscience Genomics in Milan and Rome.
Giuseppe Mucci
Bioscience Clinic and Bioscience Institute, Dubai (UAE) and San Marino (Italy)