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Volume 6, Issue 6 (Suppl)
OMICS J Radiol, an open access journal
ISSN: 2167-7964
Neuroradiology 2017
October 30 to November 01, 2017
October 30 to November 01, 2017 | San Antonio, USA
2
nd
International Conference on
Neuroscience, Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology
Febrile seizures, thermoregulation and febrile responses, complex processes are important aspects of the
unsolved puzzle
Alexandra Kunz
Harvard University, USA
Introduction:
Febrile seizures (FS) are always a relevant topic; thermoregulation and febrile responses, complex processes are
important aspects of the unsolved puzzle.
Methods:
Here, FS are explored from comparative evolutionary pressure data-sets for insights/contributing factors to age dependent
vulnerability and for potential MRI data acquisition for evidence-based medicine.
Results:
Thermoregulatory responses’ evolutionary quest is for maximal performance at optimal temperature, experimentally shown
for insects’/viruses’ population growth and for not performance. Relying on external heat sources, ectotherms’ narrow range of
performance thermal sensitivities is explained by natural selection, not thermodynamics; endotherms’, birds’/mammals’, thermally
constrained set-points evolved promoting heat loss, not enhancing performance. Mammalian brains’ selective brain cooling (SBC) is
a special evolutionary case within the thermal core because hyperthermia, causing febrile seizures, limits performance; SBC separates
brain temperature (T) regulation independently from the body to keep Tbrain<Ttrunk, p<0.01. Species-specific SBC mechanisms
during hyperthermia promote reversing normal blood flow, from brainskin to skinbrain, to cool/maintain constant cerebral
metabolism. A 4-part venous pathway connects extracranial diploic/emissary veins with intracranial meningeal veins/sinuses; the
richly vascularized/complex human diploe has an age dependent developmental pattern, fully established, age 5, large variations at
each age. Primate emissary veins respond immediately to hyperthermia; their parietal/mastoid/condyloid/post-glenoid foramina
prominence shifts in an evolutionary pattern: Tarsius 0%, 0%, 0%, 100%; Lemurs 0%, 74.4%, 0%, 99%; orangutan 3%, 81.6%, 1%,
2%; chimpanzee 8.7%, 14%, 16.5%, 0%; human 60.5%, 68%, 77%, 0.6%. Furthermore, intrinsic brain geometry plays an important
evolutionary role in thermoregulatory patterns/heat distribution. Notably, perinatal discontinuity of ontological size/shape changes
in chimps/humans at 4-6 months, p<0.0044, produces topographical changes in vascular system; an expanded human frontoparietal
volume, now globular, with highest concentration of diploic/emissary veins, richly anastomosed/reticulated, affects heat dissipation.
Brain surface:volume ratio values for chimps’/humans’ heat loading, 1.59 vs. 0.91, respectively, confirms globular shape decreases
thermic values in heat transfer.
Conclusion:
In light of evolution, human ontological variations fromMRI measurements may offer an option to FS’ unsolved puzzle
for evidence-based medicine.
alexandrakunz@earthlink.net kunzar@gmail.comOMICS J Radiol 2017, 6:6, (Suppl)
DOI: 10.4172/2167-7964-C1-019