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Volume 6, Issue 1 (Suppl) Clin Microbiol
ISSN: 2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal Microbiology & Mycotoxins 2017
February 27-28, 2017
February 27-28, 2017 Amsterdam, Netherlands
7th Euro Global Summit on
Clinical Microbiology and Mycotoxins
Effects of low concentrations of individuial mycotoxins and their combinations on immune cells
Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen1, Line M Karlsøen 1, Anita Solhaug1 and Jørn Holme2
1Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Norway
2Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway
Toxin-producing fungi are widespread contaminants in food and feed. Since many fungal species produce many toxins, fungal
species frequently occur together and a diet is composed of multiple food items, humans and anmals are exposed to a mixture
of mycotoxins. Mycotoxins have diverse chemical and toxicological properties, and they may have similar or dissimilar toxicological
mode of action and identical or different target organs. The immune system is particularly sensitive towards several mycotoxins.
Humans and animals are normally exposed to low levels of mycotoxins, while many studies of the effects of mycotoxins have
focussed on rather high exposures. We therefore investigated the effects of exposure to low levels of selected mycotoxins alone and in
combination on the immune cells in vitro. We studied the effects of the mycotoxins 2-amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol (AOD),
alternariol (AOH), enniatin B (ENNB), deoxynivalenol (DON), sterigmatocystin (ST) and zearalenone (ZEN) on the differentiation
of THP-1 cells from monocytes to macrophages alone and in combinations. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, AOH, ZEN and DON
inhibited the differentiation process, while the differentiation was unaltered by AOD and ST. The effects of the binary combinations
of AOH, ZEN and DON were predicted according to models for independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) and
compared with the experimental findings. Deviations from the predicted models would indicate that there were some interactions. In
order to simulate a realistic exposure scenario, we focussed on the interactions at low effect concentrations (EC20) in the interaction
studies. The combinations of AOH with DON and DON with ZEA had additive effects, while the combination of AOH and ZEA
apparently had synergistic effects at these low concentrations.
Biography
Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen has completed his PhD at Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. He is currently a Senior Scientist at Norwegian Veterinary Institute.
He is also a member of Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food (VKM).
Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen et al., Clin Microbiol 2017, 6:1(Suppl)