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conferenceseries.com
November 28-29, 2016 Valencia, Spain
4th World Congress on
Infection Prevention and Control
Volume 4, Issue 8 (Suppl) J Infect Dis Ther 2016
ISSN: 2332-0877, JIDT an open access journal Infection Control 2016
November 28-29, 2016
J Infect Dis Ther 2016, 4:8 (Suppl)
Investigation of Lassa fever outbreak in Kastina State, Nigeria
Chinaka Chidinma Christiana
Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nigeria
Lassa fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic illness caused by Lassa virus, a member of the virus family Arenaviridae. The disease is
endemic in Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia and Nigeria with about 300000 to 500000 cases occurring yearly and about 5000 deaths.
Its case fatality ranges from 5-35% but rose as high as 60% in the 2016 outbreak in Nigeria. On the 5th of April 2016, two cases of
Lassa fever were reported in Katsina State. We, the NFELTP team investigated to confirm the outbreak, to describe its epidemiology,
to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of Lassa fever among health workers in the affected communities and to institute
control measures. Active case search was conducted in hospitals and communities. We defined a case using established guidelines. We
administered semi structured interviewer pretested questionnaires to health workers to assess knowledge, attitude and practices on
the prevention and control of Lassa fever. We administered checklists of infection prevention and control (IPC) to the stakeholders to
ascertain the level of preparedness of the State, LGA and health facilities to fight Lassa fever. We analyzed data with EPI Info version
7.2.1. The first index case of Lassa fever in Katsina State was a 38 year old patient managed at NNPC clinic Kaduna and later buried
in Kankara LGA, Katsina State. The second index case was a 25 year old man, who presented at FMC Katsina with a history of having
nursed his sibling for a similar illness in Gwagwalada about 25 days ago. A total of 82 contacts were line listed and monitored in the
State; nine subsequently developed Lassa fever; eight were laboratory confirmed and one epidemiologically linked. The case fatality
ratio was 27.3%. The result of the IPC checklist revealed that 40% of health facilities visited lack personal protective equipments, safety
boxes, isolation wards and none had access to 0.05% or 0.1% chlorine solution. The result of the knowledge, attitude and practice
showed that: 85% knew ways by which Lassa fever is transmitted, 95% knew how to protect themselves from contracting Lassa fever,
86% knew about PPE and 69% had no knowledge of case definition of Lassa. 4% of the respondents knew how to wash hands. Overall,
61% had poor knowledge of Lassa fever, 31% fair knowledge and 8% had good knowledge. This is the first reported case of Lassa
from Katsina State. Most of the health facilities in the state lack basic infection prevention and control materials and basic knowledge
on Lassa fever which should be addressed. We carried out sensitization talks and training on infection prevention and control at the
health facilities. We recommend to the state to continuously sensitize the health workers on Lassa fever and to provide health facilities
with safety boxes and full body personal protective equipment.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Laurus nobilis fromAlgeria
Ould Yerou Karima, Meddah Boumediane and Tir Touil Aicha
University of Mascara, Algeria
Dried leaves and the essential oil (EO) of bay (Laurus nobilis L.) are used extensively in the food industry for seasoning of meat
products, soups and fishes, this essential oils was extracted from leaves by hydrodistillation. The yield was 1%. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of this essential oils against three bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Orted that the high content of 1,8-cineole in the EO of L. nobilis contributed to its weak antimicrobial
activity.