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conferenceseries.com
November 28-29, 2016 Valencia, Spain
4th World Congress on
Infection Prevention and Control
Volume 4, Issue 8 (Suppl) J Infect Dis Ther 2016
ISSN: 2332-0877, JIDT an open access journal Infection Control 2016
November 28-29, 2016
J Infect Dis Ther 2016, 4:8 (Suppl)
Immunological non responder’s real or virtual phenomenon
Vivek Kattel, B Pradhan, P Karki, S Rijal, S Pandey, B Khanal and Y Agrawal
B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal
Statement of the Problem: HIV and Hepatitis C viral Infection (HCV) have same mode of transmission. A subset of HIV people
on antiretroviral therapy (ART) achieves virological suppression but poor recovery of CD4 cell termed as immunological non-
responders. It has been recommended to start HCV treatment in HIV co-infection if CD4 cells are more than 200/ml. Immunological
non-responders could be a challenge to initiate HCV treatment especially in limited resources setting.
Case Description: A 24 years intravenous drug abuser male with HCV for last three years presented as HIV positive (CD4-186/ml)
on July 2008. Despite ZDV/3TC/EFV for six months he did not achieve immunological recovery but his viral load was below 400
copies per ml. On September 2009 he presented with fever and constitutional symptoms for two weeks. On examination he was pale,
icteric and had hepatospleenomegaly. Investigation revealed pancytopenia, transaminitis, hepatospleenomegaly, sterile blood culture,
normal chest X-ray, sputum for acid fast bacilli and PCR for Mycobacterium tubercle negative, negative rK-39, malaria negative.
He had CD4 of 156/ml, HIV viral load 72 copies per ml and HCV RNA 15600 copies per ml. Bone marrow aspiration revealed 3+
Leishmania donovani (LD) bodies. ARV regimen was changed to TDF/3TC/EFV and tablet Miltefosine 50 mg twice a day for 28 days
was initiated. He improved clinically and parasitologically. On April 2010 his second infection of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) was
treated with injection Amphotericin B. On March 2011 and August 2012 he had third and fourth episode of VL infection and was
treated with Amphotericin B plus Miltefosine and liposomal Amphotericin B respectively. However the fourth episode was continued
with secondary prophylaxis for six months with immunological recovery (CD4 756/ml). On April 2015 his HCV was treated with 12
weeks Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir with Rapid Viral and Sustained Viral Response.
Significance: Immunological non responders might be virtual phenomena.
Salmonella species and the essential oil of aromatic plant in infected Wistar rats
Ould Yeru Karima1, Meddah B A1, Tou2 and Tir Touil A1
1University of Mascara, Algeria
2CHU Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria
Laurus nobilis is an aromatic plant, widespread in Algeria and widely used by local people as a source of spice and for its medicinal
properties. The essential oil of this plant native to western Algeria is the subject of our study. The essential oil extraction was
performed by steam distillation, the yield obtained from leaf is (1.5%) by gavage Wistar rats males weight between 100g 80 et were
infected with Salmonella then treated with a dose 1 g/kg of the essential oil. After sacrifice of the rats, histological examination of the
intestines and internal organ (liver and spleen) shows the therapy of this magic plant Laurus nobilis.