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conferenceseries.com
Volume 8 Gynecology & Obstetrics
ISSN: 2161-0932 Gynecology 2018
October 08-10, 2018
October 08-10, 2018 | Zurich, Switzerland
5th International Conference on
Gynecology and Obstetrics
Managing abortions in India-a threat to the pregnant woman
Alka Garg
Carewell Hospital, India
Incidence of Pregnancy Loss: Around 70% of conceptions are lost prior to live birth Once a woman has had a positive
pregnancy test, there is around a 12% risk of having a miscarriage.
Classification of Miscarriage: Threatened miscarriage: vaginal bleeding, but no cervical dilation, before 20 weeks’ gestation.
Recurrent miscarriage: 3 or more consecutive pregnancy losses. Inevitable miscarriage: dilated cervical os, but products of
conception have not been expelled. Septic miscarriage: spontaneous miscarriage complicated by intrauterine infection. Missed
miscarriage: foetus dies in utero but no uterine activity to expel the products of conception. Incomplete miscarriage: only part
of the products of conception have been passed and the cervical os is closed; ultrasonography reveals remaining products of
conception in the uterus. Complete miscarriage: all products of conception have been passed and the cervical os is closed
Etiology: Embryonic and/or Maternal, usually multifactorial. Embryonic: 50% of all cases due to fetal chromosomal
abnormalities. Embryonic malformations especially of the CNS seen frequently. Maternal: Usually causes 2nd trimester losses.
Thrombophilias and APLA syndrome. Maternal genital tract infections (BV) and systemic infections. Maternal exposure to
high doses of toxic agents, major endocrinopathies, immunologic disease. Large submucous fibroids
Symptomatology: Usually asymptomatic. Occasionally have mild vaginal bleeding and uterine cramping. Important to
distinguish from other early pregnancy complications. Thorough medical history, physical examination, USG and serum ß
hCG can be helpful in making a diagnosis.
Diagnosis: Ultrasonography (TVS) – preferred modality. Ultrasound criteria initially described in 1990s. Due to low specificity
and high false positive rate, several studies done thereafter and criteria changed. Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound
Multispecialty Panel on Early First Trimester Diagnosis of Miscarriage and Exclusion of a Viable Intrauterine Pregnancy
created guidelines in 2013 that are considerably more conservative than past recommendations and also have stricter cutoffs
than the studies on which they are based.
Management:Expectant, Medical, Surgical. All shown to be reasonably effective and acceptable. No evidence that any approach
results in different long term outcomes.
Biography
Alka Garg has her expertise in evaluation and passion in improving the health and wellbeing of her patients. Papers Presented and Published: Safe Motherhood: Presented
a paper inAll India Obstetrics and Gynaecological Congress, FOGSI in Dec. 1993 in Calcutta as Junior most Speaker. She has also presented a paper on Medical abortion
in India a role model for the rest of the world in San Antonio Texas USA in 2014 & a paper on prevention of cervical cancer in Dubai in 2016 in international conference
of Gynaecology. Other Academic Qualifications: 1. Has been working with PSI Organisation since 2002. 2. Has done Certificate Course in Women Empowerment from
IGNOU, New Delhi. 3. Has done Postpartum ICUD Training from Population Service international (PSI), a well-known NGO. 4. Has done Certificate Course in Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus from Population Health Foundation of India.(PHFI) 4. Has finished 3 years Diploma Course in Naturopathy from Gandhi Smarak Prakartik Chikitsa
Samiti,New Delhi.
Alka Garg, Gynecol Obstet 2018, Volume 8
DOI: 10.4172/2161-0932-C4-033