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Gastro 2016
August 11-12, 2016
Volume 6, Issue 4(Suppl) J Gastrointest Dig Syst 2016
ISSN:2161-069X JGDS, an open access journal
conferenceseries .com
August 11-12, 2016 Birmingham, UK
6th Global Gastroenterologists Meeting
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with strength training to prevent excessive loss of
muscle mass in bariatric subjects
Cristina Aquino
Universidade São Paulo, Brazil
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease, which affects more than 500 million people worldwide and contributes to
functional losses, poor quality of life, dementia, type 2 diabetes, and increases mortality rate, mainly due to cardiovascular
disorders and cancer. Considering the fail of conservative treatments, bariatric and metabolic surgery are considered the most
effective intervention and are among the most commonly performed gastrointestinal procedure in operating rooms today.
Although it can reach a record of >50% excess weight loss (EWL), in most cases there are up to 30% fat free mass loss, that
could compromise the long term results. The identification of the skeletal muscle as a secretory organ, mostly dependent
upon contraction and that can communicate with many organs, brought a new perspective about the importance of muscle
mass on the systemic health. The most effective intervention aiming to maintain and gain muscle mass is Strength Training,
integrated with consistent modifications in lifestyle. However, the first recommendation for hypertrophy is using loads close
to 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM), which can compromise articular integrity, due to a high mechanical load, low
grade inflammation, osteoarthritis and sedentary behavior. Subjects must follow an adaptation period that varies according
to the individual responses and nutritional intake. But what if we could increase the muscular activation level without raising
the load? It is plausible through the combination of Strength Training with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES),
that involves the application of an electric current through eletrodes placed over targeted muscle, while the subject does the
specific exercise. These combination is safe, and it can potentiates the muscle fiber activation, leading to quicker results in
strength, power, maximum voluntary force and possibly increasing the muscle cross sectional area (CSA), as many studies have
shown, in different cases, like reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, osteoarthritis, spinal cord injury, patellofemoral
dysfunction, low back pain, preoperative total knee arthroplasty, COPD and even in athletes.
Arterial stiffness is increased in inflammatory bowel disease
Luca Zanoli
University of Catania, Italy
Arterial stiffness is increased with chronic inflammatory disorders. The reduction of inflammation by immunomodulatory
therapy is associated with a restoration of arterial function. I have recently reported for the first time that arterial stiffness
is increased in subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In another work, I have also reported that the increased arterial
stiffness detected in IBD subjects is dependent upon inflammation and reduced by anti-TNF-alpha therapy. Subsequently, in an
invited review I have discussed on the causes of arterial stiffening in IBD subjects. Consecutively, in an editorial I have discussed
on the IBD paradox (subjects with IBD have an increased cardiovascular risk despite the low burden of classic cardiovascular
risk factors) and suggested that inflammation may explain the difference between expected and observed risk in IBD. Finally, I
have recently published a systematic review and meta-analysis that has confirmed the results of my previous works.
J Gastrointest Dig Syst 2016, 6:4(Suppl)