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Journal of Gastrointestinal & Digestive System | ISSN: 2161-069X | Volume: 8

October 29-30, 2018 | San Francisco, USA

International Conference on

Gastrointestinal Cancer and Therapeutics

World Congress on

Digestive & Metabolic Diseases

Annual Congress on

Cancer Science and Targeted Therapies

The role of microbiome perturbations in colorectal cancer: Diagnostic, therapeutic or both?

Manasi S Shah

University of Texas School of Public Health, USA

here is encouraging evidence for using a stool-based composite microbial non-invasive diagnostic for colorectal cancer.

Through our meta-analysis, we analyzed eight global cohorts, re-analyzing the raw 16S rRNA gene sequencing data to find

consistent biomarkers such as

Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium

sp. and

Streptococcus anginosus

robust to demographic and

technical heterogeneity across the studies. We further evaluated which microbial markers in colorectal cancer tissue biopsy,

directly at the disease interfacewere consistently elevated across cohorts, the extent towhich theywere detectable in fecal samples

from the same colorectal cancer case and the pathways through which they might operate. We noticed OTUs elongated to genus

Parvimonas, Fusobacterium

and

Streptococcus

elevated in biopsies as well. Inferred functional analysis identified differences in

amino acid and lipid metabolism, likely driven by the altered abundances of

Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Enterobacteriaceae,

Comamonadaceae and Ruminococcaceae

. While promising, to be truly generalizable for the public, a microbial diagnostic for

colorectal cancer must overcome challenges in terms of confounding the microbial signal by other co-existing morbidities such

obesity, type-2 diabetes, and IBD or the intake of over-the-counter or prescribed medications which is known to influence the

gut microbial content. Along with diagnostic avenues,

in vivo

studies have characterized Wnt-β-catenin signaling cross-talks

with microbial communities and host immune system and can be causal in inflammation-driven colorectal cancer. Recent

studies have demonstrated that the immune-modulator effectiveness of CTLA-4 and PD-PDL1 based therapy is microbiota

dependent and lays ground to prove the utility of microbiome modulated immunotherapy for all cancers.

Biography

Manasi S Shah has completed her PhD from the University of Texas School of Public Health. She then worked briefly with Second Genome Inc., as a consultant and

is a current postdoctoral study from Stanford University School of Medicine. Currently working as a Staff Bioinformatics Scientist at Thermo Fisher Scientific, Manasi

has authored a couple of microbiomes focused papers and is currently working on a grant award she received to improve the Axiom microbiome array capabilities.

manasishah86@gmail.com

Manasi S Shah, J Gastrointest Dig Syst 2018, Volume 8

DOI: 10.4172/2161-069X-C8-085