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Volume 9
Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation
ISSN: 2155-6199
Biofuel Congress 2018 &
Biomass 2018
September 04-06, 2018
JOINT EVENT
September 04-06, 2018 | Zurich, Switzerland
13
th
Global Summit and Expo on
Biomass and Bioenergy
&
12
th
World Congress on
Biofuels and Bioenergy
Pretreatment: A key process for development of second-generation biorefineries
Keikhosro Karimi
Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
L
ignocellulose can be used for sustainable production of different biofuels (e.g., bioethanol, biogas, and biobutanol),
biochemicals (e.g., citric and lactic acids, fungal chitosan, carotene, and xanthan gum), animal feed (e.g., fish feed and
cattle feed), and a number of other valuable products. However, lignocellulose is made in nature to resist against microbial
and physical attacks. Thus, any biorefinery development based on the application of lignocellulose should deal with these
recalcitrant properties of lignocellulose using a pretreatment prior to biological processing. Lignocellulose are non-food wastes,
including industrial wastes (e.g., sawdust, food industry wastes, and paper mill discards), forestry wastes (i.e., hardwoods and
softwoods), agricultural residues (e.g., straws, stovers, and non-food seeds), domestic wastes (e.g., kitchen wastes, sewage,
garden wastes, and waste papers), and municipal solid wastes. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the major constituents
of lignocellulosic biomass. Different pretreatment processes, including physical, chemical, and biological treatments,
have been presented. Among them, pretreatment with cellulose solvents, e.g., NaOH/urea, concentrated phosphoric acid,
N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide, and different ionic liquids, are highly effective. After dissolution and regeneration, without
major derivatization, the pretreated biomass can be subjected to microbial or enzymatic hydrolysis and converted. However,
there are several challenges in these processes for industrial applications. The pretreatments efficiency is studied using a variety
of analytical methods, including different imaging techniques, compositional analyses, measurement of crystallinity, degree of
polymerization, enzyme adsorption/desorption, and enzyme accessibility. An introduction to lignocellulose properties, recent
advances in different solvent pretreatments, and the related analysis will be presented.
karimi@cc.iut.ac.irJ Bioremediat Biodegrad 2018, Volume 9
DOI: 10.4172/2155-6199-C1-015