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Volume 9

Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation

ISSN: 2155-6199

Biofuel Congress 2018 &

Biomass 2018

September 04-06, 2018

JOINT EVENT

September 04-06, 2018 | Zurich, Switzerland

Global Summit and Expo on

Biomass and Bioenergy

World Congress on

Biofuels and Bioenergy

J Bioremediat Biodegrad 2018, Volume 9

DOI: 10.4172/2155-6199-C1-015

Combustion of olive cake in a bubbling fluidized bed combustor: Control methods for agglomeration

Cansu Çelikler

and

Murat Varol

Akdeniz University, Turkey

n this study, agglomeration problem for the combustion of olive cake was investigated in a laboratory scale bubbling fluidized

bed combustion system of 100 mm inside diameter and 1800 mm height. Three control methods were used: co-combustion

of olive cake with 50% by weight Turkish lignites (Tunçbilek lignite, Çan lignite), pre-combustion leaching of the olive cake and

using limestone as bed material instead of silica-sand. Alkali metals in fuel ash can react with silica sand as a bed material in

fluidized bed system so the formation of molten silicates at low temperature can occur. It seems that one of these two contents

has to be removed from the system or the quantities should be reduced in order to prevent agglomeration. Within this scope,

above-mentioned control methods have been examined. At the end of each test, bottom ash samples were subjected to XRF,

XRD, SEM /EDS and EPMA analyses to determine elemental composition and phases of bottom ashes. Agglomerated particles

were detected at the bed temperature of 850˚C for the combustion of olive cake. Therefore, control methods were carried out

at the same bed temperature. Co-combustion of fuel mixtures at a bed temperature of 850°C were considered as reference

tests where the possibility of the agglomeration problem is low. These co-combustion tests were re-conducted at 900˚C. Co-

combustion tests were carried out without any problem of operation. For the mixture of lignites and olive cake, K was observed

in the form of KAlSiO

in the bottom ash. In this case, the formation of potassium silicate was prevented and an agglomerated

particle was not seen. Removal of alkaline contents in the olive cake by leaching prevents silicate formation. At the end of the

tests, a noticeable decrease in the agglomeration rate was observed. Using limestone as a bed material, K was found in the

form of Arcanite (K

) in the bottom ash. The amount of agglomeration on the internal surface of the combustor decreased

compared to the olive cake test.