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.com
Volume 7, Issue 4 (Suppl)
J Biotechnol Biomater, an open access journal
ISSN: 2155-952X
Bio America 2017
October 19-20, 2017
October 19-20, 2017 | New York, USA
18
th
Biotechnology Congress
Osteoconductive bone substitutes by additive manufacturing
Franz E Weber
University Zurich- Center for Dental Medicine, Switzerland
T
he current gold standard bone substitute is still autologous bone, despite the fact that its harvest demands for a second operation
site, causes additional pain, discomfort, potential destruction of the grafting site, and is limited in supply. Since newly developed
clinical approaches like transplantation of cells are invasive and costly, and osteoinduction by bone morphogenetic proteins is
expensive and is associated with mild to severe side effects, the optimization of osteoconduction appears as promising option to
realize bone substitute based on bone tissue engineering. In the nineties of the last century, the holy grail of pore size for scaffolds in
bone tissue engineering was set between 300 and 500 micrometers. These values appeared reasonable since they fall in line with the
diameter of osteons. More recently, 2 papers showed that pores even bigger than 1000 micrometers perform equally well. Therefore,
the optimal microarchitecture for bone tissue engineering scaffolds in terms of pore size, constrictions, rod thickness, or rod distance
is still unknown. Additive manufacturing appears as an ideal tool to study those diverse microarchitecture options since it can
generate scaffolds where size and location of pores and connections between pores can repetitively be reproduced. For the production
of our test scaffolds, we use the lithography-based additive manufacturing machine CeraFab 7500 from Lithoz (Vienna, Austria) and
reach a layer-thickness of 25 micrometres. Moreover, this machine can generate scaffolds from the identical STL-file with different
materials ranging from aluminium oxide, to zirconium, to calcium-phosphates and Bioglass. As
in-vivo
test model, we used calvarial
defects in rabbits and evaluated calcium-phosphate and Bioglass based scaffolds of diverse microarchitectures. Analysis by μCT
and histomorphometry revealed that all generatively produced structures were well osseointegrated into the surrounding bone.
The histomorphometric analysis, based solely on the middle section, showed that bone formation was significantly increased in all
implant treated groups compared to untreated defects, and confirmed that pores exceeding 500 micrometers are osteoconductive
and promote bone regeneration. In the critical size defect, the scaffolds alone were sufficient to yield defect bridging after 16 weeks.
Thus, osteoconductive calcium-phosphate based and Bioglass based scaffolds produced by lithography based additive manufacturing
are a promising tool for the production of personalized bone tissue engineering scaffolds to be used in cranio-maxillofacial surgery,
dentistry, and orthopaedics
Biography
Franz E Weber is currently the Associate Professor in University Zurich- Center for Dental Medicine, Switzerland.
Franz.Weber@zzm.uzh.chFranz E Weber, J Biotechnol Biomater 2017, 7:4 (Suppl)
DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X-C1-079