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Volume 4, Issue 5(Suppl) J Infect Dis Ther
ISSN: 2332-0877 JIDT, an open access journal Euro Infectious Diseases 2016
September 05-06, 2016
Page 9
Notes:
conferenceseries.com
Infectious Diseases
September 05-06, 2016 Frankfurt, Germany
3rd Euro-Global Conference on
Immunity, vaccination, antimicrobial treatment and in vivo pathogen behavior: From the laboratory to clinical
setting in endemic regions
Accurate targeting of appropriate vaccination and therapeutic strategies must take into consideration the behavior of
pathogens within the host. Animal models have providedmany insights into those host-pathogen relationships that control
bacterial infections. New approaches based on advanced microscopy, individually-traceable molecularly tagged bacterial
populations and mathematical modeling have exploited the robust and tractable Salmonella enterica murine infection model
to capture the many variables that underpin the location, spread, division, death and persistence of microorganisms within an
animal. Immunological or genetic manipulations of B and T-cell mediated immunity, signaling pathways, cytokine networks
and phagocyte effector functions modulate host resistance/susceptibility and have provided solid information on which
immunological effectors control and eliminate disease. These models have also enabled us to test different classes of vaccines
and antibiotics and determine which ones are likely to induce the highest level of protection in other animal species and in
humans. The higher incidence of some invasive bacterial infections in patients with genetic immunodeficiencies, individuals
carrying specific immune gene alleles and patients with comorbidities (e.g., malaria, severe anemia, HIV), indicates common
resistance/susceptibility traits between mice and humans. The presence of comorbidities in endemic areas poses serious
challenges to disease prevention by undermining those elements of the innate immune response that are the foundations upon
which vaccines build resistance. There are currently large gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms that control many bacterial
infections in humans and we still do not fully understand of how comorbidities, alone or in combination, impair immunity.
A major challenge ahead is to link risk factors/comorbidities with specific immunological/functional defects that determine
increased susceptibility to infections in endemic areas. This will provide a rational pathway to develop approaches and tools
to restore such defects in individuals with high risk of contracting disease and will inform development and rational use of
vaccines and antimicrobial treatments.
Biography
Pietro Mastroeni has received degree in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Messina, Italy. He has then moved to the University of Cambridge, UK and
completed his PhD before becoming a Research Fellow at Imperial College, University of London, UK. He is currently a Reader in Infection and Immunity at the
University of Cambridge. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and serves as an Editorial Board Member.
Pietro Mastroeni
University of Cambridge, UK
Pietro Mastroeni, J Infect Dis Ther 2016, 4:5(Suppl)