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Abiotic stresses such as exposure to salinity, drought,
extreme temperature and heavy metal pose major
threats to sustainable food production, resulting in 50-
70% reduction in crop yield. Transgenic approaches can
be used to develop plants tolerant to different abiotic
stresses. Glutathione transferases are multifunctional
proteins known to have roles in protecting cells from
different abiotic stresses. Transgenic tobacco plants
expressing a fungal glutathione transferase gene were
developed and they were found to be more tolerant to
salinity, osmotic stress and heavy metal stress compared
to control plants. In general, transgenic plants exposed
to different abiotic stresses showed lower levels of lipid
peroxidation and increased levels of different antioxidant
enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide
dismutase, ascorbate peroxidases, guiacol peroxidases
and catalase compared to control plants.
For enhancing remediation of metals such as Zn and
Cu, a zinc transporter gene and a copper transporter
gene from Nuerospora crassa were cloned and introduced
into candidate plants and they showed enhanced uptake
of Zn and Cu respectively. For degradation of organic
pollutants, a human cytochrome p4502E1 gene and a
fungal glutathione transferase gene were introduced
into tobacco and plants showed enhanced uptake and
degradation of lindane, a pesticide and anthracene, a
polyaromatic hydrocarbon respectively. The present
studies have shown that transgenic plants expressing
heterologous genes have developed tolerance to different
abiotic stresses.
Biography
Biography
Prof. Susan Eapen, Ph.D. currently the Head of Plant Biotechnology and
Secondary Products Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai and Professor
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai has about 130 publications in peer-reviewed
journals. She is an Associate Editor of several international journals like BMC
Biotechnology, In Vitro- Plant etc. She has developed the first transgenic pulse crop in
1987 and has later developed several transgenic crops.
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