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Salmonella (S.) enterica serovar typhi is the common cause of
bloodstream infections leading to systemic febrile illness and typhoid.
S. typhi is a host restricted bacterium that becomes the
leading cause of death in developing countries, spread through
the fecal-oral route. The current research aimed to investigate
the prevalence of multidrug-resistance and extensively drug-resistance
S. typhi isolated from the blood samples of typhoid patients.
A total of 120 samples were collected from three tertiary
care centers in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Blood culture positive
samples were inoculated and purified on SS-Agar and XLD
agar. For the serovar characterization, Gram�s staining and biochemical
tests were executed, which exhibited positive results for
catalase and methyl red and confirmed biochemically the test
organism is S. typhi. After the phenotypic confirmation through
biochemical tests, Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) was accomplished
using the first and second line of antibiotics. Data
were analyzed statistically, and an overall 10% prevalence of
S. typhi in the research area was calculated. The 25% isolated
S. typhi strains were observed as multidrug-resistant bacteria,
58.9% of S. typhi isolates were reported as extensively drug-resistant
while 16.7% displayed an unusual antibiogram pattern,
showing susceptibility merely against trimethoprim-sulfame- thoxazole and tetracycline and exhibited a resistance pattern
against all the other used antibiotics. These sequels are concerning
because they will force us to rely on second-line medications.
Moreover, the impact of COVID-19, development of mutation in
the drug-resistant genes (i.e. azithromycin), and misuse of antibiotics
lead to the occurrence of resistance and unusual antibiogram
patterns.
Biography
Farhat Jabeen, Student of M.Phil (Microbiology) at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
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