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Study of microorganisms able to grow and propagate at high temperature environments including geothermal springs are
relevant and open new prospects in biotechnology. Numerous geothermal springs are found on the territory of Armenia.
Thermophilic microbial community of Armenian geothermal springs are still poor investigated and represented a challenge for
searching of new biotechnological resources. In this context the prokaryotic (both bacterial and archaeal) diversity thriving in
Armenian geothermal springs were studied using both culture-independent molecular and culture-dependent approaches. 16S
rRNA gene libraries were generated from total community DNA using universal archaeal and bacterial oligonucleotide primer
sets. BLAST results and phylogenetic analysis of obtained bacterial sequences indicated that they originated from Firmicutes,
Cyanobacteria, Epsilion-, Alfa- and Gamma-Proteobacteria. The representative archaeal phylotypes mainly belonged to
phylum of Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. The majority of the phylotypes detected in the gene libraries
were most closely related to uncultivated organisms detected only by molecular methods and shared less than 95% identity
with their closest match in GenBank indicating that studied springs harbor a unique community of novel species with undescribed
biotechnological potentials. Culture-dependent methods were applied to isolate thermophilic aerobic non sporeforming
(Thermus) and endospore-forming bacteria (Anoxybacillus, Aeribacillus, Anaerobacillus, Bacillus, Brevibacillus,
Geobacillus, Paenibacillus, Sporosarcina, Ureibacillus and Thermo actinomyces). The production of some hydrolytic enzymes
(such as protease, amylase and lipase) from isolates was studied and active producers of thermo stable enzymes were selected.
Isolated thermophilic bacilli were analyzed also for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and active producers of EPS were
selected too.