Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials
Open Access

Abstract

Stem cells have continuously attracted attention due to their unique property of self-renewal following which they differentiate into diverse specialized cell types. In adult organisms, stem cells act as a repair system for the body and replenishing adult tissues. The advancements in Tissue Engineering can be attributed to the ability to grow particular cells when required. Stem cells are thus the best option of progenitor cells that are capable of differentiation, while also giving rise to daughter cells. Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells possess the ability to differentiate into a multitude of cells ranging from osteoblasts to chondrocytes and adipocytes. These cells can easily be obtained from the patient and are able to produce a large number of progeny that can be induced to form connective tissue. Thus, Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-based therapies have been suggested as a promising strategy in tissue regeneration. A thorough understanding of the origin and development of MSC heterogeneity will help to improve MSC culture conditions and thus facilitate their clinical use. The controlling, differentiation into tissue cells of liver, nervous system, bones or heart, preventing the uncontrolled proliferation after insertion are the challenging tasks ahead.

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