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Patients presenting with diarrhea, rectal bleeding and or abdominal pain warrant detailed examination of history of present illness,
social history, endoscopic findings and possibly biopsy of the rectum. When pathologists receive a rectal biopsy with features of
proctitis, inflammation of the rectum, the differential diagnosis may include infectious and non-infectious causes. The infectious
agents are commonly sexually transmitted such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes simplex virus and syphilis. The non-infectious causes
mainly include inflammatory bowel disease, medication effects and solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Symptoms and histologic features
may be non-specific and pose diagnostic difficulties. Detailed knowledge of patient��?s clinical information will guide the pathologists��?
diagnosis. Herein we present a case of 46-year-old male who had a family history of colon cancer and underwent endoscopy procedure
for routine surveillance follow-up. The procedure revealed an unusual appearance of nodular/thickened mucosal folds in the rectum.
The biopsy was taken from mid and distal rectum. The histologic findings were consistent with active infectious-type proctitis with
no features of chronicity to suggest inflammatory bowel disease. Given the clinical concern for underlying infections, special stains
including Warthin-Starry, Giemsa and Gram stains were performed. Giemsa and Gram stains were non-contributory; however, the
Warthin-Starry stain revealed numerous spirochetes involving the rectal mucosa. The spirochete immunostain was performed, which
supported the diagnosis of syphilitic proctitis. Pathologists may have limited clinical information when they examine endoscopic
biopsies, which may lead to a non-specific diagnosis. Although the incidence of syphilic proctitis/colitis is low, keeping the differential
diagnosis in mind will prevent missed diagnosis.
Biography
Eunice K Choi has completed her MD from Indiana University School of Medicine. She has finished her AP Residency Program from Houston Methodist Hospital and currently she is in GI Pathology Fellowship at UCLA.