Journal of Alzheimers Disease & Parkinsonism
Open Access

Abstract

Individuals with Parkinson�¢����s disease (PD) demonstrate abnormalities in somatosensory perception and physiology. Impairments in tactile acuity are well documented for both temporal and spatial perception, and physiological changes are also apparent. Identifying and understanding the origin of somatosensory abnormalities will aid in the treatment of PD. The present research investigates the physiological changes in primary somatosensory cortex that accompany PD, and relates these findings to alterations in brain circuits that mediate sensorimotor integration and tactile perception. Ten individuals with PD were studied on dopaminergic medications and following overnight withdrawal. Data were compared with that obtained from 10 aged-matched healthy controls. Using functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI) at 3T, stimulation was delivered to digits 2 and 5 of the most affected hand in PD and left hand in controls. Tactile spatial acuity was assessed using JVP domes. Somatosensory-motor integration was assessed by evoking the short- and long-latency afferent inhibition circuit using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Results indicate that PD exhibit deficient activation of somatosensory cortex, somatosensory-motor integration and impaired tacitile acuity relative to controls. Further, dopaminergic medications yield differential responses in sub-regions of the primary somatosensory cortex. These data provide support for the emerging body of literature demonstrating physiological abnormalities in somatosensory processing in PD that may contribute to the pathology of the disease. Changes in somatosensory processing may provide an explanation for sensory symptoms in PD. Activity in somatosensory cortex is modulated by dopaminergic medications and these changes may contribute to improvements in PD symptoms that occur with dopaminergic treatment.

Biography

Aimee J Nelson is an Associate Professor in the Department of Kinesiology at McMaster University. She has completed her PhD at the Institute of Medical Sciences at the University of Toronto. Her first post-doctoral appointment at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT, and second post-doctoral appointment at Toronto Western Hospital. Her academic appointment began in 2008 at the University of Waterloo and she subsequently joined McMaster University in 2012 as a Canada Research Chair, Tier 2. Her research is in basic neurophysiology and neuroimaging and her research has application in neurological injury and disease wherein hand/arm control is impaired.