Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials
Open Access

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cm. Thell) is one of the most important cereal crops of the world. Wheat is grown under subtropical environment in Indian sub-continent during mild winter that warms up towards the grain-filling stage of the crop. High temperature in the month of February-March is not congenial for grain development, thus leading to reduced yield. The main effect of high temperature after anthesis is a reduction in grain size. Starch accounts for 70% of the wheat grain dry weight. Reduction in the starch content accounts for most of the reduction in grain dry matter at high temperature above 18- 22�° C. There are certain key enzymes in process of starch formation in grains and in biosynthesis of its precursors i.e., sucrose in leaves. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; EC 2.7.7.27), an allosterically regulated heterotetramer consisting of two large and two small subunits, catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in starch biosynthesis in plants. AGPase uses the substrates glucose 1-phosphate and ATP to produce ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate. The positive allosteric effector of AGPase is 3-phoshoglycerate, whereas the negative allosteric effector is orthophosphate (Pi). Because AGPase is the rate limiting step in starch biosynthesis, an increase in AGP activity within the endosperm of wheat seeds should increase developing seed sink strength and overall plant productivity. In various studies, AGPase has shown positive correlation with the grain growth and starch accumulation in wheat which indicates that increasing the enhancing the efficiency of the enzyme would lead to faster grain filing.

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