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Previous studies have well-documented the significant linkage between family context and child psychological
development, particularly in families with children having potential affective and behavioral problems, like ODD
symptoms. A wealth of literature has identified numerous family factors that placed children at increased risk of
developing ODD, including poor family function, low marital quality etc. The majority of these studies, however,
focused almost exclusively on family factors at either one level or mixed levels. Different associations of multi-level
family factors and child ODD symptoms remained unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine
the linkages between family factors at the whole, dyadic, and individual levels and two dimensions (affective and
behavioral) of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms in Chinese children. Participants comprised of 80
father-child dyads and 169 mother-child dyads from families with ODD children. Results indicated that multilevel
family factors were differently associated with children’s affective and behavioral ODD symptoms. All the family
factors at the dyadic and individual levels were significantly associated with child affective ODD symptoms. However,
only the most proximal factors (parent-child relationship and child emotion regulation, which were directly related
to child) were significantly related to child behavioral ODD symptoms. The present study extends the current
knowledge regarding the relationships between family factors and two dimensions of child ODD symptoms by
testing the comprehensive multilevel family factors model. This study also recommends that future interventions for
ODD children should consider the multi-level family factors to enhance intervention efficacy.