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Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health concern and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide in humans and animals
affecting nearly 32% of the world��?s population. The first-line treatment available for tuberculosis includes use of drugs
like Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol. All of these drugs are associated with a lot of side effects and we are
already aware that combinational therapy is given for the treatment of tuberculosis and when these first-line drugs are given
in combination the toxicity that caused by them is enhanced in a synergistic manner. The major side effects associated with
the use of anti-tubercular drugs are: Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, ocular toxicity, arthralagia, urticaria, hypersensitivity,
hyperuricemia and many more. Till date not much has been studied about the splenic toxicity and genotoxicity that is caused
due to these first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. So this study was designed to study the toxic effects that these drugs cause on
spleen and chromosomes. Our herbal industry was in vogue for thousands of years. But it has a lot of potential to cure many
ailments. So in this study, we are trying to ameliorate the toxicity caused by anti tubercular drugs on spleen and bone marrow
chromosomes and by use of ancient herb B. aristata. Rats were divided into different groups: Control group, toxicant group,
positive control and treatment group and treatment of anti tubercular drugs was given with and without B. aristata extract.
Results showed that levels of lipid peroxidation was 87% higher in toxicant group, reduced glutathione was 51.7% lower in
toxicant groups compared to control group. Histopathology of anti tubercular drug treated spleen revealed many alterations
like lack of demarcation of red and white pulp, WBC infilteration in many places etc. Many chromosomal alterations were
there in the toxicant group like chromatid breaks, centromeric fusion, elongated chromosomes, wooly chromosomes etc.
Groups treated with B. aristata showed near to normal values of LPO, GSH and also very few alterations in histology and
chromosomes were seen.