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Substance (tobacco, alcohol) use and various inflammatory diseases (periodontitis, oral lichen planus, leukoplakia) induce
chronic inflammation, which is a mechanism for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Analysis of salivary
cytokine levels reveals abnormal cytokine production, which, if detected early enough, could improve treatment and survival
rates for HNSCC. The correlation between substance use and cytokine levels has not been well researched. This pilot study
examines the correlation between substance use (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana) and cytokine levels (IFN-�?±, IL-10, IL-12, IL-
13, MIP-1�?±, TNF-�?±, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1�?±, IL-1�?²) in 71 healthy women (25-32 years old). Luminex-based multi-analyte
MILLIPLEXâ�?¢ MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Kits (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA) and MAGPIX�?® imaging
technology was used to analyze the saliva samples. There was a statistically significant difference in cytokine interleukin (IL)-
1�?² levels between the control group (n=24, SD=26.90) and the tobacco/light alcohol user group (n=21, SD=164.14), pâ�?¤0.05.
There was also a statistically significant difference in cytokine IL-8 levels between the control group (n=24, SD=236.58) and
the tobacco/heavy alcohol user group (n=18, SD=295.26), pâ�?¤0.01. These results suggest that young women who use tobacco
and alcohol heavily are already showing signs of chronic inflammation that make them at risk for HNSCC later on. With
more research, a saliva-based test could be a cost-effective tool in assisting early diagnosis of head and neck cancers through
promising associations between substance use and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Biography
Miranda Li is an Honors High School Student who dedicates most of her free time to research.