Journal of Alzheimers Disease & Parkinsonism
Open Access

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease, the most common hypokinetic movement disorder, has received much attention from the clinical and
scientific community, but there has been a relative paucity of comprehensive reviews of hyperkinetic disorders, even though
they are equally or even more disabling. Hyperkinetic movement disorders include tremors, dystonia, chorea, tics, myoclonus,
stereotypies, restless legs syndrome, and various other disorders with abnormal involuntary movements. Substantial progress
has been made in the understanding of the role of the basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of these hyperkinesia disorders and
in motor control, muscle tone, posture, and cognitive processes. Although therapies that target pathogenesis are still lacking,
effective management of hyperkinetic movement disorders demands that physicians are knowledgeable about current and
novel pharmacological and surgical approaches. In addition to tetrabenazine, a monoamine-depleting drug, new formulations
of botulinum toxin are being increasingly used in the treatment of these movement disorders. Finally, success with surgical
approaches, particularly deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease who have levodopa-induced dyskinesia’s, has
been extended to the treatment of many hyperkinetic movement disorders.

Biography

Arunasalam Balamanogaran studying at Gomel state Medical University in Belarus. He was interested in medical researches. He had good research experience and
knowledge with pharmacology, path physiology, neurology.