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The adsorption of heavy metals onto the surface of the algae is alternative technique for current wastewater treatment
systems. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the ability of cyanobacteria for removal of pollutants from sewage
water. Two soil microalgal isolates
Anabaena oryzae
and
Cyanosarcina fontana
were tested for growth, metabolism and
removal of heavy metals (Fe2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+) from sewage plant in Aswan city (Egypt) under controlled laboratory
conditions. The sewage plant contained high amounts of nitrates, phosphates and heavy metals. Heavy metals, iron, lead,
cupper and manganese were removed by 93.95, 81.21, 63.9 and 48.49%, respectively, from wastewater by using
Cyanosarcina
fontana
culture. However, the percentage of biosorption in case of
Anabaena oryzae
was 92.73, 63.98, 62.51 and 38.19 for
iron, lead, cupper and manganese, respectively (Fe2+< Pb2+< Cu2+< Mn2+). There was also reduction in PO4-P (49.6%),
NO3-N (24.1%) and COD (42.3%) for sewage wastewater after the treatment by
Cyanosarcina fontana
. On the other hand, the
reduction of these pollutants by
Anabaena oryzae
was 26.1%, 97.3% and 10.5% for PO4-P, NO3-N and COD, respectively. The
contents of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, total carbohydrates and total lipids of
Cyanosarcina fontana
grown in sterilized sewage
wastewater were increased than that of in
Anabaena oryzae
, comprising to the control culture. Therefore biosorption of heavy
metals by the tested algae is strongly recommended as a powerful technique for the removal of heavy metals from polluted
effluents as well as in production of bioactive compounds.
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