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Evaluation of a modified TiO2 (GO-B-TiO2) photo catalyst for degradation of 4-nitrophenol in petrochemical wastewater by response surface methodology based on the central composite design
In this study, a novel boron�¢����graphene oxide�¢����TiO2(B�¢����GO�¢����TiO2) was synthesized by sol�¢����gel method. The structure and
properties of nano particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier
transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The analysis of the process was performed by varying four significant independent
variables, including four numerical factors (concentration of 4-NP, dosage of photo catalyst, initial pH and reaction time). The
experiments were conducted based on a central composite design (CCD) and analyzed using response surface methodology
(RSM). The photo catalytic activity of samples was monitored by UV�¢����vis absorption measurements and chemical oxygen
demand (COD) test. The results showed that degradation of 4-NP in acidic pH is more favored than in neutral and basic pH.
The modified modes reduced recombination of photo generated electron and holes, and extended the absorption of TiO2 into
the visible light. The photo catalytic properties of B�¢����GO�¢����TiO2is more effective than those of pure TiO2 and other modified
TiO2. The removal efficiency of 4-NP for B�¢����GO�¢����TiO2, B�¢����TiO2and GO�¢����TiO2was about 100, 85 and 80%, respectively, and
also removal efficiency of COD was about 85, 70 and 65%, respectively, under visible light irradiation and optimum condition
(4-NP concentration=25 mg/l, concentration of photo catalyst = 1 g/l, amounts of COD= 300 mg/l and pH of 3 after 180 min).