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To date, direct pulp capping was a treatment generally used in young patient with an exposed vital pulp and with a dental
material to facilitate the formation of reparative dentin and maintenance of vital pulp this treatment now is applied in
adult patients as well. Re-vascularintion is a new treatment method that allows the stimulation of the apical development
and the root maturation of immature teeth. Pulp re-vascularintion is dependent on the ability of residual pulp and apical and
periodontal stem cells to differentiate. This lecture will review not only the materials of choice and asses a step by step protocol
for: Pulp re-vascularintion, to obtain desired therapeutic success. New trends in irrigation like solutions, goals, risks and
limitations and recommendations for effective and safe irrigation will be presented. Current status in endodontic instruments
in past years: A reciprocating movement NiTi instrument was introduced to endodontics, and due to its simplicity of use, the
lack of procedural errors during cleaning and shaping, it has acceptance among dental schools, GPs as well as endodontics
worldwide. The presentation is a summary of the current status of endodontic files; recommendations for safe and effective
use of instruments will be presented. After this lecture, the participants will be able to understand the biological objectives of
root canal treatment recommendations for effective and safe irrigation and understand the ability of a single file system over
multiple files systems in preparing canals without procedural errors.