traditional-medicine-neuropharmacology-2018-keynote

3 / 7

Notes:
conferenceseries LLC Ltd
August 27-29, 2018 | Paris, France
JOINT EVENT
Page 19
Global Summit on
Traditional & Restorative Medicine
10 th World Congress on
Neuropharmacology
Volume 7 Traditional and Restorative Medicine & Neuropharmacology 2018 | August 27-29, 2018
Journal of Traditional Medicine & Clinical Naturopathy | ISSN : 2573-4555
Peripheral nerve Interfacing for control of powered
prostheses - Our toolbox today and beyond
Electrical interfaces to peripheral nerves allow persons with amputation to
coordinate the movements of multi-DOF powered prostheses simultaneously with
minimal cognitive effort. This is possible when each prosthetic actuator is controlled
using the activity of the specific motor nerve that subserves the same joint motion in
an intact limb. This concept is well demonstrated with TMR, where each target nerve
is neurotize to a piece of viable muscle. The muscle acts as a biological amplifier that
converts the feeble nerve impulses to more robust electromyograhic activity (EMG)
which is then used as a prosthetic command signal. A drawback of TMR is the
need to trans-locate the desired nerves to the host muscles and to remove the host
muscle’s native mitigate these issues, researchers have anastomosed
small pieces of excised muscle to the selected peripheral nerves. Such constructs are
referred to as Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces (RPNIs), and EMG control
signals are recorded from the surface of each RPNI. As a modification of this strategy,
we are developing an implanted modular device containing small electrically isolated
compartments. Each compartment contains integral recording electrodes and is filled
with a small piece of autologos muscle. A multi-fascicle nerve can be subdivided and
each fascicle assigned to a separate electrically isolated compartment which minimizes
problems of signal crosstalk between recording channels. Also important for prosthesis
control is to provide tactile and proprioceptive sensory feedback. Historically, electrical
stimulation of sensory afferents using cuffs or inserted arrays has been the primary
approach employed and more recently, micro-channel arrays are being explored.
However, issues of fiber selectivity and long term functionality still need improvement.
The provision of muscle-tendon proprioception information has been particularly
elusive, but a strategy based on novel surgical constructs termed AMI (agonist-
antagonist myoneural interface) is showing good success in persons with below-knee
amputation who have reeeived this treatment. This approach re-instates a mechanical
connection between the agonist and antagonist muscles that would exist around an
intact joint so that contraction of the agonist acts to stretch the antagonist muscle and
visa-versa.
Biography
Ronald Riso obtained a BSEE from Cornell U., and a PhD in Neuroscence from U. Rochester Sch of Med. His
career has centered on neuroprostheses including FES techniques for restoring hand grasp in quadriplegia and
methods for controlling prosthetic limbs (Case Western Res. U. and Aalborg U. Denmark). He is presently with the
MIT Center for Extreme Bionics working on Neural Interfacing to allow persons with amputation to have full volitional
control over their prosthetic limbs and enjoy restored tactile and proprioceptive sensibilities.
Ronald R Riso
MIT Media Lab, USA
Ronald R. Riso, J Tradit Med Clin Natur 2018, Volume:7
DOI: 10.4172/2573-4555-C1-001