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Journal of Infectious Diseases and Therapy ISSN: 2332-0877 | Volume: 6
Infectious Diseases
4
th
Annual Congress on
Neglected Tropical & Infectious Diseases
5
th
International Conference on
August 29-30, 2018 | Boston, USA
&
Tackling neglected diseases in current context
T
he fight against the Neglected Tropical Diseases receiving increased worldwide attention after the recent attribution of the
2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to William Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura for their development of a novel
therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites. Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) known to be a diverse and
growing group of communicable diseases that prevail in tropical and subtropical conditions in 149 countries affect more than
one billion people and cost developing economies billions of dollars every year. Populations living in poverty, without adequate
sanitation and in close contact with infectious vectors and domestic animals and livestock are those worst affected. Despite
encouraging progress, millions of people still need free high-quality treatments and millions more still need care and treatment
for human dog-mediated rabies, echinococcosis, leishmaniasis and other neglected tropical diseases seemingly difficult to
treat. Neglected tropical diseases program in global manner encompass biology of parasites and their vectors. Its research
program addresses global public health concerns in terms of disease prevention, control and antiparasitic treatment. Along with
understanding of the dynamic interactions between these microorganisms and their hosts, identifying the fundamental bases
of parasitism and transmission by vectors, host invasion mechanisms, and determine parasite factors underlying virulence
and pathology of these organisms. From scientific point of view, tackling infectious and tropical disease encompass various
aspects including like transmission mechanisms, virulence factors, pathogens reservoirs, host immune response working
transversally through epidemiology , microbiology, genetics and genomics, cell biology, biochemistry and bioinformatics and
imaging. Apart vector born diseases like Dengue and Zika recent research in France look particularly on three key eukaryotic
pathogens responsible for severe parasitic diseases that have a significant health and economic impact and affect most of the
world’s population:
Plasmodium
the causative agent of malaria,
Leishmania
– the agent of leishmaniasis, and Trypanosoma
brucei – responsible for sleeping sickness. The Anopheles mosquito, which is the vector of Plasmodium and a number of
arboviruses, is being studied along with the tsetse fly, the vector of African trypanosomiasis. Fundamental research on
in vitro
and
in vivo
models – including field work in Africa, Asia, South America – with applied research on resistance to antimalarial
drugs and on the discovery of new antiparasitic drugs include exploration of traditional medicine and methods like reverse
pharmacology.Accurate diagnostic and surveillance with better understanding of genetic and immunologic background of host
specific response and pathogen evolution drives adapted vaccine research but also preventive interventions. As one of examples
to illustrate it, global mapping of resistance to artemisinin (the KARMA study driven by Institut Pasteur in Paris and the Institut
Ivana Haluskova Balter
French Society of Immunology, France
Ivana Haluskova Balter, J Infect Dis Ther 2018, Volume 6
DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C3-043