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6th World Congress on
Mental Health, Psychiatry and Wellbeing
March 20-21, 2019 | New York, USA
A study of female
adolescent depression in
rural areas of India
Soumen Acharya
National Institute of Public
Co.operation and Child
Development, Indai
The study sought to identify the
role of cognitive distortion and
parental bonding in depressive
symptoms among Female
adolescents l in rural India. The
study also aims to ascertain the
extent to which parent-child
relationship, specifically father
care and mother care; and, father
overprotection and mother
overprotection differ in the way
they contribute to depressive
symptoms of adolescents.
Materials and Methods: A total of
150Fe male adolescents aged 18-
19 were drawn through random
sampling. The educational
institution was randomly selected
from a list of higher educational
institutions in India. The subject
chosen for the study were also
randomly selected from a class
of 40-50 students. All tests were
administered in the group of 20-
30 students. Stepwise multiple
regression analysis was carried
out to ascertain the contribution
of cognitive distortion (self-
criticism, self-blame, helplessness,
hopelessness, and preoccupation
with danger); parent-child
relationship (mother care, mother
overprotection, father care,
father overprotection) towards
depressive symptoms.
Survey Instrument: Reynolds
Adolescent Depression Scale
(RADS-2) was developed
by William Reynolds (2010)
to measure the severity of
depressive symptoms in
adolescents in clinical settings.
The RADS-2 is a brief, 30-item
self-report measure that includes
subscales which evaluate the
current level of an adolescent’s
depressive symptoms along
four basic dimensions of
depression: (1) dysphoric mood;
(2) anhedonia; (3) negative
self-evaluation; and, (4) somatic
complaints. In addition to the
four subscale scores, the RADS-2
yields a depression total score
that represents the overall
severity of depressive symptoms.
The reliability and validity of
the test are well-established
with an internal consistency
of 0.86, test-retest of 0.80,
and a validity criterion of 0.83.
Cognitive Distortion Scales (CDS)
was developed by John Briere
(2000). It measures distorted or
negative cognitions and consists
of 40 items. Each symptom item
is rated according to its frequency
of occurrence over the preceding
month; using a five-point scale
range from never to very often.
The five subscales are self-
criticism, self-blame, helplessness,
hopelessness, and preoccupation
with danger. The score on each
dimension can be added to 9,
which is the total score. The
reliability and validity of the test
are well-established, with the
reliability of 0.89 and validity of
0.94. Parental Bonding Instrument
(PBI) was developed by Parker,
Tupling, and Brown (1979).
PBI is a 25-item instrument
designed to assess the children’s
perception of the parent-child
relationship in terms of parental
behaviors and attitudes. The
authors identified two variables
that are important in developing
parent-child bonding: (1) care
and, (2) overprotection. Out
of 25 items, 12 items measure
children’s perception of their
parents as caring with the
opposite end of the spectrum
being indifference or rejection,
the remaining 13 items assess
children’s overprotectiveness
with the extreme opposite
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EMERGENCYMENTAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RESILIENCE 2019, VOLUME 21
DOI: 10.4172/1522-4821-C2-030
ACCEPTED ABSTRACTS