Journal of Dementia
Open Access

Mental disorder is also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and worsens over time. It is the cause of 60% to 70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events (short-term memory loss). As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (including easily getting lost), mood swings, and loss of motivation, not managing self-care, and behavioural issues.

Alzheimer's Disorder is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia, accounting for 60% to 80% of all cases. It primarily affects memory, thinking, and behavior, gradually impairing an individual’s ability to carry out daily activities.

Causes and Risk Factors

Alzheimer's disease is marked by the buildup of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, which disrupt neuron communication and lead to cell death. Key risk factors include aging, genetics, family history, and lifestyle factors such as cardiovascular health, diet, exercise, and education level.

Symptoms and Stages

The disease begins with mild memory loss and confusion, worsening over time. Early signs include trouble remembering recent events, finding words, and organizing tasks. As it progresses, memory loss becomes severe, and individuals may experience disorientation, mood swings, and difficulty with daily activities, advancing to the need for full-time care.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis involves medical history, cognitive tests, neurological exams, and brain imaging, with biomarkers aiding in diagnosis. While there is no cure, treatments like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine can manage symptoms and slow progression. Non-drug approaches, including cognitive therapies and physical activity, can enhance quality of life.

Research and Future Directions

Ongoing research aims to understand Alzheimer's mechanisms, develop new diagnostic tools, and find effective treatments. Advances in genetics, imaging, and biomarkers offer hope for earlier detection and more personalized care. Clinical trials are exploring new therapies targeting amyloid and tau proteins and strategies to enhance brain resilience.

Alzheimer's disorder