Journal of Dementia
Open Access

Alpha-synuclein (also α-synuclein) is a protein whose function in the healthy brain is currently unknown. It is of great interest to Parkinson's researchers because it is a major constituent of Lewy bodies, protein clumps that are the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease.

Alpha-Synuclein is a protein that plays a crucial role in the brain and is closely linked to neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. Under normal conditions, alpha-synuclein is found primarily at the tips of nerve cells (neurons) in the brain, where it helps regulate neurotransmitter release, which is essential for communication between neurons.

Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases

In neurodegenerative conditions, alpha-synuclein proteins can misfold and aggregate, forming clumps known as Lewy bodies. These aggregates disrupt normal cellular function, leading to neuron damage and death. The accumulation of alpha-synuclein is a hallmark of several disorders collectively referred to as synucleinopathies, which include Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, and multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Research and Therapeutic Approaches

Research into alpha-synuclein is ongoing, with scientists investigating ways to prevent its aggregation or promote its clearance from the brain. Potential therapeutic approaches include drugs that target the protein directly, as well as strategies to boost the brain's natural mechanisms for dealing with misfolded proteins. Understanding the role of alpha-synuclein in neurodegenerative diseases could lead to new treatments and potentially slow or halt the progression of these conditions.

Alpha-synuclein