Abstract

Protein synthesis, the fundamental biological process by which cells generate proteins, is vital for the maintenance, growth, and function of living organisms. This review delves into the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying protein synthesis, encompassing transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. Understanding these processes is crucial for elucidating various cellular functions, deciphering disease mechanisms, and developing targeted therapeutic interventions. This article synthesizes current knowledge and recent advances in the field, highlighting key regulatory factors, signaling pathways, and emerging technologies shaping our understanding of protein synthesis.